Abstract: Cold stress is a common and inevitable stress factor in the development of animal husbandry,which can cause animal temperature drop,appetite loss,growth rate slowdown,immune function decline, disease susceptibility, etc.,resulting in huge economic losses for breeding production.When animals suffer from cold stress,the body accelerates the metabolism of energy substances such as lipids and sugars to enhance the ability to adapt to cold.Therefore,the authors reviewed the research progress on the effects of cold stress on lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism indexes and found that different animals had different abilities to mobilize energy metabolism and produce heat under cold stress.By further exploring the functional mechanisms of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) in regulating mitochondrial biogenesis,glycogenolysis and fatty acid metabolism,the adaptive mechanism of animal body regulating energy metabolism was revealed from the molecular level.This paper aimed to provide theoretical basis for understanding the metabolic mechanism of animals in cold environment and improving the production performance and breeding benefits of livestock and poultry in cold areas in China.

Key words: cold stress; energy metabolism; regulation mechanism