日粮能量和粗蛋白质水平对灰雁生长性能、血清生化指标及屠宰性能的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2018.08.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在研究日粮能量和粗蛋白水平对灰雁生长性能、血清生化指标及屠宰性能的影响，为灰雁的科学饲养提供理论基础。试验采用双因子试验设计，粗蛋白质及代谢能水平分别为14.0%、15.0%、16.0%及11.0、12.0、13.0 MJ/kg，选取450只28日龄灰雁，随机分为9组，每组5个重复，每个重复10只灰雁，每组饲喂1种日粮。预试期12 d，正试期80 d。结果表明：①代谢能为12.0 MJ/kg组灰雁的平均日增重显著高于代谢能为11.0和13.0 MJ/kg组（P<0.05）；粗蛋白质水平为14.0%组灰雁的平均日增重显著低于蛋白质水平为15.0%组（P<0.05）；②代谢能为13.0 MJ/kg组灰雁的血清甘油三酯含量显著低于代谢能为11.0 MJ/kg组（P<0.05），粗蛋白质水平为16.0%组灰雁的血清尿素氮含量显著高于蛋白质水平为14.0%组（P<0.05）。③代谢能为11.0 MJ/kg组灰雁的半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率均低于代谢能为12.0和13.0 MJ/kg组，代谢能为13.0 MJ/kg组灰雁的腹脂率显著高于代谢能为11.0和12.0 MJ/kg组（P<0.05）；粗蛋白质水平为14.0%组灰雁的胸肌率和腿肌率低于粗蛋白质水平为15.0%和16.0%组；综合得出，日粮代谢能水平显著影响灰雁的末重、腹脂率、血清甘油三酯含量（P<0.05），过高的代谢能水平增加腹脂率，增加饲料成本；日粮蛋白质水平对灰雁的末重和血清尿素氮影响显著（P<0.05）；推荐5~16周灰雁的蛋白质水平为15.0%，能量水平为12.0 MJ/kg。

关键词: 灰雁; 代谢能; 粗蛋白质; 生长性能; 屠宰性能; 血清生化指标

Abstract:

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary energy and crude protein levels on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and slaughter performance of graylag to provide theoretical foundation for scientific feeding.A double factors experimental design was used with metabolic energy (ME) levels of 11.0,12.0,13.0 MJ/kg and crude protein (CP) levels of 14.0%,15.0%,16.0%,respectively.Four hundred and fifty 28-day-old graylags were randomly assigned into 9 groups with 5 replicates per group and 10 graylags per replicate.Graylags in each group were fed one kind of diet.The experiment lasted for 92 days including 12-day pretest period and 80-day formal test period.The results showed as follows:①The average daily gain of graylag with metabolic energy level of 12.0 MJ/kg was significantly higher than those with metabolic energy level of 11.0 and 13.0 MJ/kg (P<0.05);The average daily gain with crude protein level of 14.0% was significantly lower than those with crude protein level of 15.0% (P<0.05).②As the metabolic energy level reached 13.0 MJ/kg,the serum triglyceride of graylag was significantly lower than those with metabolic energy level of 11.0 MJ/kg (P<0.05);The uric nitrogen of graylag with crude protein level of 16.0% was significantly higher than those with crude protein level of 14.0% (P<0.05).③As the metabolic energy level reached 11.0 MJ/kg,the semi-eviscerated percentage, eviscerated percentage,breast muscle percentage and leg muscle percentage of graylag were lower than those with metabolic energy level of 12.0 and 13.0 MJ/kg;As the metabolic energy level reached 13.0 MJ/kg,the abdomen fat percentage was significantly higher than those with metabolic energy level of 11.0 and 12.0 MJ/kg (P<0.05);As the crude protein level was 14.0%,the breast muscle percentage and leg muscle percentage was lower than those with crude protein level of 15.0% and 16.0%.In conclusion, the dietary metabolic energy level had significant effects on final weight,abdominal fat percentage,triglyceride of graylags,and excessive metabolic energy level could increase abdominal fat percentage,which resulted in higher feed cost.The crude protein level had significant effects on final weight and uric nitrogen of graylag.It was suggested that the optimal metabolic energy should be 12.0 MJ/kg and crude protein should be 15.0% for 5 to 16-week-old graylags.

Key words: graylag; metabolic energy; crude protein; growth performance; slaughter performance; serum biochemical parameter

中图分类号:

S831.5

袁英良, 唐丹, 鲁英, 冉桂霞. 日粮能量和粗蛋白质水平对灰雁生长性能、血清生化指标及屠宰性能的影响[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2018, 45(8): 2227-2235.

YUAN Yingliang, TANG Dan, LU Ying, RAN Guixia. Effects of Dietary Energy and Crude Protein Levels on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Indexes and Slaughter Performance of Graylag[J]. , 2018, 45(8): 2227-2235.

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