蜡样芽孢杆菌检测方法研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2018.03.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蜡样芽孢杆菌是一种可引起食物中毒的常见食源性细菌，属于革兰氏阳性的条件致病菌，广泛存在于土壤、空气、水及植物源、动物源加工的食品中。近年发现也能感染包括人在内的多种动物，是一种人兽共患性细菌，特别是能够引起人畜肠道疾病，导致腹泻型或呕吐型食物中毒。快速准确检测蜡样芽孢杆菌是控制其污染和感染后治疗的关键环节。作者对蜡样芽孢杆菌的检测方法进行了全面详细的总结，主要包括传统检测方法、普通PCR、多重PCR（mPCR）、实时荧光定量PCR（Real-time PCR）、叠氮溴化丙锭-定量PCR（PMA-qPCR）、微滴数字PCR技术（ddPCR）、环介导等温扩增（LAMP）及酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）。从传统方法到新兴技术，涉及传统检测技术、分子生物学检测和免疫学检测技术，作者主要总结了各方法的原理、检测范围，并对各方法的优缺点进行了比较。这些检测方法的灵敏度、精确度、样本要求等有所不同，可根据检测需要和条件限制进行选择。将分子生物学方法和免疫学等方法有效地结合起来，多角度多层次地对样品进行检测，可全面而准确地呈现检测结果。蜡样芽孢杆菌能产生多种毒素，这些毒素决定了其致病性，所以除了检测菌体外，还可以对毒素进行检测，有助于确定病原及其致病力。总的来说，蜡样芽孢杆菌对人畜的健康安全均构成了威胁，快速准确地检测能有效辅助治疗和提前预防，作者将主要检测方法进行了总结，希望能有助于全面准确地评估蜡样芽孢杆菌的风险，为主动监测和预警提供科学依据。

关键词: 蜡样芽孢杆菌; 检测; 食物中毒

Abstract:

Bacillus cereus is a common bacterium causing food poisoning,gram-positive opportunistic pathogen,and widely distributing in soil,water and all kinds of food.In recent years,Bacillus cereus also has been found in a variety of animals including people as a zoonotic bacterium.It gives rise to gastrointestinal disease,which leading to diarrhoeal or emetic type of food poisoning.Thus,a rapid and accurate detection is critical for controlling the pollution or the treatment.This study conducted a comprehensive and detailed summary for the detection methods of Bacillus cereus, including conventional detection,conventional PCR,multiplex PCR,Real-time PCR,propidium monoazide-quantitative PCR,droplet digital PCR,ring-mediated isothermal amplification technology and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).From the traditional method to the emerging technology,involving the traditional detection technology,molecular biology detection and immunological detection technology,the authors described the principle,range and the advantages and disadvantages of each method.Because of the difference in sensitivity,accuracy,sample requirements and so on,the detection methods could be selected according to the requirement and conditions.In the combination of molecular biology methods and immunological methods,the samples are detected from multiple angles and multilevels,and the results can be presented in a comprehensive and convincing manner.Moreover, Bacillus cereus can produce a variety of toxins which determine its pathogenicity.Thus,the detection of toxin contributes to determining the pathogen and its pathogenicity.Overall,as a threat to the health of mammals and humans,rapid and accurate detection of Bacillus cereus can effectively assist treatment and advance prevention.The detection methods were summarized here to contribute a comprehensive and accurate assessment of the risk of Bacillus cereus, and it was respected to provide a scientific evidence to active monitoring and early warning.

Key words: Bacillus cereus; detection; food poisoning

中图分类号:

S852.61⁺6

黄晶菁, 罗静, 何宏轩. 蜡样芽孢杆菌检测方法研究进展[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2018, 45(3): 635-642.

HUANG Jingjing, LUO Jing, HE Hongxuan. Research Progress on Detection Methods for Bacillus cereus[J]. , 2018, 45(3): 635-642.

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