《中国畜牧兽医》 ›› 2017, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 3536-3542.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2017.12.021

• 动物营养与饲料科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

添加复合益生菌对全混合日粮发酵品质的影响

张志国1, 王丹2, 高阳3, 李军3, 杨连玉3,4, 张继泽5   

  1. 1. 吉林省桦甸市畜牧总站, 桦甸 132400;
    2. 正大永吉实业有限公司, 永吉 132001;
    3. 吉林农业大学动物科学技术学院, 长春 130118;
    4. 吉林省动物营养与饲料科学重点实验室, 长春 130118;
    5. 中国农业科学院草原研究所, 呼和浩特 010010
  • 收稿日期:2017-04-10 出版日期:2017-12-20 发布日期:2017-12-20
  • 通讯作者: 杨连玉 E-mail:yangly@jlau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:张志国(1964-),男,吉林桦甸人,高级畜牧师,研究方向:反刍动物营养,E-mail:fgz66@126.com
  • 基金资助:

    吉林省科技发展计划项目重大科技公关专项(2014020313NY);吉林省高等学校秸秆综合利用高端科技创新平台(吉高平台字[2014]C-1);2017年省级新型秸秆饲料开发利用项目

Effects of Compound Probiotics on Fermentation Quality of Total Mixed Ration

ZHANG Zhi-guo1, WANG Dan2, GAO Yang3, LI Jun3, YANG Lian-yu3,4, ZHANG Ji-ze5   

  1. 1. Jinlin Huadian Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station, Huadian 132400, China;
    2. Yongji Zhengda Industrial Co., Ltd., Yongji 132001, China;
    3. College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
    4. Jilin Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Changchun 130118, China;
    5. Institute of Grassl and Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
  • Received:2017-04-10 Online:2017-12-20 Published:2017-12-20

摘要:

本试验旨在研究添加复合益生菌对全混合日粮(total mixed ration,TMR)发酵品质的影响。试验设3组:对照组,TMR;试验1组,TMR+0.5%复合益生菌1(乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和酵母菌复合物);试验2组,TMR+0.5%复合益生菌2(乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和纤维分解菌复合物)。每组6个重复,每个重复2个贮存罐,调整TMR含水量为50%,密闭发酵,试验期30 d。分别在发酵第0、3、5、7、15和30天测定TMR中霉菌毒素、pH、铵态氮、有氧稳定性及养分含量。结果表明:①不同处理TMR中霉菌毒素含量随发酵时间延长而呈上升趋势,发酵第30天时,对照组黄曲霉毒素B1和赭曲霉毒素A含量超过国家标准。整个试验期内,试验1、2组TMR各时间点3种霉菌毒素含量均未超标;②各组TMR有氧稳定性随发酵时间延长而升高,在发酵第3、5、7、15、30天,试验1组有氧稳定性优于对照组和试验2组;③随着贮存时间延长,各试验组pH呈下降趋势,各处理TMR的铵态氮含量呈上升趋势。在发酵第7~30天,试验1组pH、铵态氮含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05);④在发酵第30天,两试验组干物质含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);发酵第7~30天,试验1、2组TMR的CP含量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);各试验组的NDF和ADF含量随发酵时间延长而呈降低趋势,发酵第7~30天时,试验组NDF和ADF含量均低于对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,添加复合益生菌发酵有利于延长TMR贮存时间,强化全混合日粮有氧稳定性并能在一定程度上降低营养损失。由乳酸菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和酵母菌组成的复合益生菌处理效果最佳。

关键词: 全混合日粮; 复合益生菌; 发酵; 营养水平

Abstract:

The study was aimed to investigate the influences of compound microbial on the quality of fermented TMR. There were 3 treatments:Control group (basal TMR),experimental group 1 (TMR with 0.5% compound microbial supplement (Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and yeast)), experimental group 2 (TMR with 0.5% supplement (Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and cellulolytic bacteria)), with 6 replicates in each group and 2 tankers per replicate. The experiment lasted 30 d. Water content of the materials in all the tankers were controlled at 50% and sealed airtightly for 30 d. Samples were cllected at 0,3,5,7,15 and 30 d. Mycotoxins, pH, ammonium nitrogen, aerobic stability and nutrient content were determined and analyzed. The results showed as follow:①During 0~30 d, the content of mycotoxins showed an upward trend in all treatments. On the 30th day, aflatoxin B1 content and ochratoxin-A content in the control group were exceeded than the national standard. However, three kinds of mycotoxins were not exceeded in experimental groups 1 and 2 during the 30 d fermentation.② Aerobic stability and storage time were positively correlated, the aerobic stability of experimental group 1 was better than other treatments. ③ With the last of storage time, pH in 3 groups showed downward trend and ammonium nitrogen content showed an upward trend. pH value and ammonium nitrogen content in experimental group 1 was significantly lower than the control group during 7-30 d (P<0.05). ④ On the 30th day, DM content in control group was significantly lower than the other treatments (P<0.05);During 7-30 d, compared with the control group, CP content in experimental groups 1 and 2 were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The contents of NDF and ADF were negatively correlated with storage time, moreover, During 7~30 d, the levels of NDF and ADF in two experimental groups with compound microbial significantly decreased (P<0.05). In conclusion, the compound microbial supplement could prolong the storage time of TMR and strengthen its aerobic stability. In addition, the degradation of feed nutrient was limited. The compound probiotics, which was composed of Lactobacillus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus and yeast was more effective.

Key words: total mixed ration; compound probiotics; fermentation; nutritional level

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