肉桂醛的生物学功能及其在畜禽养殖中的应用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.10.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 肉桂醛是肉桂等植物中所提炼精油的主要活性成分,因产地、品种和部位等不同,肉桂油的主要成分也会存在差异,但主要成分均为反式肉桂醛。肉桂醛具有多种生物学功能:可通过破坏菌体细胞膜通透性,抑制细菌细胞膜合成和细胞分裂,减少细菌能量来源等发挥抑菌作用;可通过激活机体内抗氧化酶系统和细胞凋亡途径,清除多余含氧自由基等发挥抗氧化作用;可通过抑制多种炎症信号通路,降低机体内炎性因子的表达等发挥抗炎作用;可通过调节过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体-γ(PPAR-γ)或Amp活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)信号通路,促进胰岛素分泌,减少脂质积累等发挥调节糖脂代谢的作用。肉桂醛作为一种芳香族醛类的植物精油,已逐步应用于畜禽生产中,在猪生产中,添加肉桂醛可以缓解仔猪腹泻和氧化应激,提高生长育肥猪的生产性能、免疫及抗氧化能力;在牛、羊生产中,添加肉桂醛可以调控瘤胃微生物蛋白合成和发酵系统,提高饲料消化率;在家禽生产中,添加肉桂醛可以改善肠道健康,提高生长性能和肉品质,增强机体免疫力和抗氧化功能。文章首先综述了肉桂醛的理化性质和生物学功能,其次阐述了肉桂醛在猪、牛、羊、家禽等畜禽生产中的应用,最后对肉桂醛的发展前景进行了展望,以期为肉桂醛在畜禽养殖中的科学应用和在畜禽饲料中的合理开发提供参考。

关键词: 肉桂醛; 抑菌; 抗氧化; 抗炎; 糖脂代谢; 畜禽养殖

Abstract: Cinnamaldehyde is the main active ingredient of essential oil extracted from cinnamon and other plants.Due to different areas,varieties and parts,the main components of cinnamaldehyde will also be different,but the main components are trans-cinnamaldehyde.Cinnamaldehyde has a variety of biological functions:It can bacteriostasis by destroying the permeability of bacterial cell membrane,inhibiting cell membrane synthesis and bacterial cell division,reducing the energy source of bacteria and so on.It can exert antioxidant effect by activating antioxidant enzyme system and apoptosis pathway in the body and removing excess oxygen-containing free radicals.It plays an anti-inflammatory role by inhibiting a variety of inflammatory signaling pathways and reducing the expression of inflammatory factors in the body.It can play a role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism by regulating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) or Amp-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathways,promoting insulin secretion and reducing lipid accumulation.Cinnamaldehyde,as a kind of aromatic aldehyde plant essential oil,has been gradually applied in livestock and poultry production.In pig production,the addition of cinnamaldehyde can relieve diarrhea and oxidative stress of piglets,improve performance,immune and antioxidant capacity of growing-finishing pigs.In the production of cattle and sheep,the addition of cinnamaldehyde can regulate rumen microbial protein synthesis and fermentation system and improve feed digestibility.In poultry production,the addition of cinnamaldehyde can improve intestinal health,growth performance and meat quality,and enhance immunity and antioxidant function.In this paper,the physicochemical properties and biological functions of cinnamaldehyde were firstly reviewed,then the application of cinnamaldehyde in the production of pigs,cattle,sheep,poultry and other livestock was described,and finally the prospects of cinnamaldehyde were summarized,in order to provide reference for the scientific application of cinnamaldehyde in livestock breeding and rational development in livestock feed.

Key words: cinnamaldehyde; bacteriostatic; antioxidant; anti-inflammatory; glycolipid metabolism; livestock and poultry breeding

中图分类号:

S816.7

陈乐乐, 刘峰成, 龚番文, 郅可欣, 石明坤, 李泽政, 贺建华. 肉桂醛的生物学功能及其在畜禽养殖中的应用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(10): 4035-4044.

CHEN Lele, LIU Fengcheng, GONG Fanwen, ZHI Kexin, SHI Mingkun, LI Zezheng, HE Jianhua. Biological Function of Cinnamaldehyde and Its Application in Livestock and Poultry Breeding[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(10): 4035-4044.

参考文献

[1] 李艳,苗明三.肉桂的化学、药理及应用特点[J].中医学报,2015,30(9):1335-1337. LI Y,MIAO M S.Discussion on the chemical,pharmacology and application characteristics of cinnamon[J]. Acta Chinese Medicine,2015,30(9):1335-1337.(in Chinese)
[2] 赵凯,薛培凤,屠鹏飞.肉桂的化学成分及其生物活性研究进展[J].内蒙古医科大学学报,2013,35(1):63-74. ZHAO K,XUE P F,TU P F.Research progress of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia)[J].Journal of Inner Mongolia Medical University,2013,35(1):63-74.(in Chinese)
[3] 伍彩红,舒眉,李倩,等.广东、广西产肉桂资源调查研究[J].现代中药研究与实践,2017,31(5):14-17. WU C H,SHU M,LI Q,et al.Investigation on Cinnamomum cassia Presl resource in Guangdong and Guangxi[J].Research and Practice on Chinese Medicines,2017,31(5):14-17.(in Chinese)
[4] 许勇,程必强,丁靖凯,等.中国广西、云南肉桂资源及其生长发育习性、出油率的调查[J].热带农业科技,2004,27(3):4-7. XU Y,CHENG B Q,DING J K,et al.Investigation on cinnamon resources,growth habit and oil yield in Guangxi and Yunnan,China[J].Tropical Agricultural Science & Technology,2004,27(3):4-7.(in Chinese)
[5] LI M,LI C,ZHOU Y,et al.Optimization of cinnamaldehyde microcapsule wall materials by experimental and quantitative methods[J].Journal of Applied Polymer Science,2021,138(2):49667.
[6] ZHANG Y,WANG X Q,HUANG J,et al.Formulation,production,in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetics of cinnamaldehyde sub-micron emulsions[J].Pharmaceutical Development and Technology,2020,25(6):676-685.
[7] SAPIENZA P P,IKEDA G J,WARR P I,et al.Tissue distribution and excretion of 14C-labelled cinnamic aldehyde following single and multiple oral administration in male Fischer 344 rats[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,1993,31(4):253-261.
[8] 何学文,戴雨芸,李欣越,等.肉桂醛体外对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的抑菌机制[J].江西农业大学学报,2020,42(1):150-156. HE X W,DAI Y Y,LI X Y,et al.Antibacterial mechanism of cinnamaldehyde on Salmonella Typhimurium in vitro[J].Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis,2020,42(1):150-156.(in Chinese)
[9] HE T F,WANG L H,NIU D B,et al.Cinnamaldehyde inhibit Escherichia coli associated with membrane disruption and oxidative damage[J].Archives of Microbiology,2019,201(4):451-458.
[10] HE T F,ZHANG Z H,ZENG X A,et al.Determination of membrane disruption and genomic DNA binding of cinnamaldehyde to Escherichia coli by use of microbiological and spectroscopic techniques[J].Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B:Biology,2018,178:623-630.
[11] LI T,WANG D,LIU N,et al.Inhibition of quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors and biofilm formation in pseudomonas fluorescens by cinnamaldehyde[J]. International Journal of Food Microbiology,2018,269:98-106.
[12] 戴向荣,蒋立科,罗曼.肉桂醛抑制黄曲霉机理初探[J].食品科学,2008,29(1):36-40. DAI X R,JIANG L K,LUO M.Preliminary study of cinnamaldehyde inhibition on Aspergillus flavous[J].Food Science,2008,29(1):36-40.(in Chinese)
[13] LECCHI S,ALLEN K E,PARDO J P,et al.Conformational changes of yeast plasma membrane H⁺-ATPase during Activation by glucose:Role of threonine-912 in the carboxy-terminal tail[J].Biochemistry,2005,44(50):16624-16632.
[14] SHREAZ S,BHATIA R,KHAN N,et al.Influences of cinnamic aldehydes on H⁺ extrusion activity and ultrastructure of candida[J].Journal of Medical Microbiology,2013,62(2):232-240.
[15] HEUSINKVELD H J,MOLENDIJK J,VAN DEN BERG M,et al.Azole fungicides disturb intracellular Ca²⁺ in an additive manner in dopaminergic PC12 cells[J].Toxicological Sciences,2013,134(2):374-381.
[16] LIU S,HOU Y,LIU W,et al.Components of the calcium-calcineurin signaling pathway in fungal cells and their potential as antifungal targets[J].Eukaryotic Cell,2015,14(4):324-334.
[17] DOMADIA P,SWARUP S,BHUNIA A,et al.Inhibition of bacterial cell division protein FtsZ by cinnamaldehyde[J].Biochemical Pharmacology,2007,74(6):831-840.
[18] PISOSCHI A M,POP A.The role of antioxidants in the chemistry of oxidative stress:A review[J].European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry,2015,46(31):55-74.
[19] 韩奇鹏,罗玲,揭红东,等.氧化应激及H₂O₂对动物细胞凋亡的影响[J].饲料博览,2016,5:8-11. HAN Q P,LUO L,JIE H D,et al.Effects of oxidative stress and H₂O₂ on apoptosis of animal cells[J].Feed Review,2016,5:8-11.(in Chinese)
[20] LONG M,TAO S,ROJO DE LA VEGA M,et al.Nrf2-dependent suppression of azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colon carcinogenesis by the cinnamon-derived dietary factor cinnamaldehyde[J].Cancer Prevention Research,2015,8(5):444-454.
[21] KIM N Y,AHN S G,KIM S A.Cinnamaldehyde protects human dental pulp cells against oxidative stress through the Nrf2/HO-1-dependent antioxidant response[J].European Journal of Pharmacology,2017,815:73-79.
[22] LIU M,XU L,LIU W,et al.Cinnamaldehyde regulates the synthesis of Alternaria alternata non-host selective toxins by influencing PKS gene expression and oxidoreductase activity[J].Industrial Crops and Products,2020,145:112074.
[23] LV C,YUAN X,ZENG H W,et al.Protective effect of cinnamaldehyde against glutamate-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in PC12 cells[J].European Journal of Pharmacology,2017,815:487-494.
[24] WANG R,LI S,JIA H,et al.Protective effects of cinnamaldehyde on the inflammatory response,oxidative stress,and apoptosis in liver of Salmonella Typhimurium-challenged mice[J].Molecules,2021,26(8):2309.
[25] CHAO L K,HUA K F,HSU H Y,et al.Cinnamaldehyde inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion from monocytes/macrophages through suppression of intracellular signaling[J].Food and Chemical Toxicology,2008,46(1):220-231.
[26] KHAN A,IQUBAL A,HAQUE S E.Combinatorial delivery of cinnamaldehyde and quercetin ameliorates isoproterenol-induced cardiac inflammation,apoptosis and myocardial infarction via modulation of NF-κB p65 and cleaved Caspase-3 signaling molecules in Wistar rats[J].Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal,2022,56(2):197-205.
[27] YIN L,HUSSAIN S,TANG T,et al.Protective effects of cinnamaldehyde on the oxidative stress,inflammatory response,and apoptosis in the hepatocytes of Salmonella Gallinarum-challenged young chicks[J].Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity,2022,2022:2459212.
[28] HUANG H,WANG Y.The protective effect of cinnamaldehyde on lipopolysaccharide induced acute lung injury in mice[J].Cellular and Molecular Biology,2017,63(8):58-63.
[29] HOSNI A A,ABDEL-MONEIM A A,ABDEL-REHEIM E S,et al.Cinnamaldehyde potentially attenuates gestational hyperglycemia in rats through modulation of PPARγ,proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress[J].Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy,2017,88:52-60.
[30] ATAIE Z,DASTJERDI M,FARROKHFALL K,et al.The effect of cinnamaldehyde on iNOS activity and NO-induced islet insulin secretion in high-fat-diet rats[J].Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2021,2021:9970678.
[31] HUANG B,YUAN H D,KIM D Y,et al. Cinnamaldehyde prevents adipocyte differentiation and adipogenesis via regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2011,59(8):3666-3673.
[32] KHARE P,JAGTAP S,JAIN Y,et al.Cinnamaldehyde supplementation prevents fasting-induced hyperphagia,lipid accumulation,and inflammation in high-fat diet-fed mice[J].Biofactors,2016,42(2):201-211.
[33] 邹胜龙,贾安峰,陈征义,等.饲粮中肉桂醛替代抗生素对仔猪生长性能和腹泻指数的影响[J].饲料工业,2015,36(21):25-28. ZOU S L,JIA A F,CHEN Z Y,et al.Effects of cinnamaldehyde replace antibiotics in diets on the growth performance and the index of diarrhea of piglets[J].Feed Industry,2015,36(21):25-28.(in Chinese)
[34] 李茜茜,郑宗林,周建成.稳定化肉桂醛在乳猪保育料中完全替抗的研究[J].饲料与畜牧,2017,9:38-41. LI Q Q,ZHENG Z L,ZHOU J C.Study on complete substitution of stabilized cinnamaldehyde in suckling pig nursery feed[J].Animal Agriculture,2017,9:38-41.(in Chinese)
[35] SU G,ZHOU X,WANG Y,et al.Effects of plant essential oil supplementation on growth performance,immune function and antioxidant activities in weaned pigs[J].Lipids in Health and Disease,2018,17(1):1-10.
[36] BLAVI L,SOLÀ-ORIOL D,MALLO J J,et al.Anethol,cinnamaldehyde,and eugenol inclusion in feed affects postweaning performance and feeding behavior of piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2016,94(12):5262-5271.
[37] STENSLAND I,KIM J C,BOWRING B,et al.A comparison of diets supplemented with a feed additive containing organic acids,cinnamaldehyde and a permeabilizing complex,or zinc oxide,on post-weaning diarrhoea,selected bacterial populations,blood measures and performance in weaned pigs experimentally infected with enterotoxigenic E.coli[J].Animals,2015,5(4):1147-1168.
[38] 周明,王恩典,汪炳红,等.肉桂醛替代保育猪饲粮中金霉素和杆菌肽锌[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(7):2106-2112. ZHOU M,WANG E D,WANG B H,et al.Substitution of cinnamyl aldehyde for aureomycin and bacitracin zinc in nursery pig diet[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2016,28(7):2106-2112.(in Chinese)
[39] 吴东,杨家军,周学利,等.肉桂醛替代饲用抗生素对肥育猪生长性能、血清免疫指标及肠道菌群的影响[J].养猪,2020,170(3):53-56. WU D,YANG J J,ZHOU X L,et al.Effect of feed antibiotics replaced by cinnamaldehyde on growth performance,serum immune index and intestinal flora of finishing pig[J].Swine Production,2020,170(3):53-56.(in Chinese)
[40] YAN L,KIM I H.Effect of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde on the growth performance,nutrient digestibility,blood characteristics,fecal microbial shedding and fecal noxious gas content in growing pigs[J].Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences,2012,25(8):1178-1183.
[41] LUO Q,LI N,ZHENG Z,et al.Dietary cinnamaldehyde supplementation improves the growth performance,oxidative stability,immune function,and meat quality in finishing pigs[J].Livestock Science,2020,240:104221.
[42] MORIEL P,SILVA G M,PICCOLO M B,et al.Supplementation of encapsulated cinnamaldehyde and garlic oil on pre- and postweaning growth performance of beef cattle fed warm-season forages[J].The Professional Animal Scientist,2018,34(3):275-283.
[43] 曹爱青.肉桂醛在肉牛生产上的应用研究[J].饲料广角,2012,16:37-38. CAO A Q.Application of cinnamaldehyde in beef cattle production[J].Feed China,2012,16:37-38.(in Chinese)
[44] CHAPMAN C E,CHESTER-JONES H,ZIEGLER D,et al.Effects of cinnamaldehyde or monensin on performance of weaned Holstein dairy heifers[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2017,100(3):1712-1719.
[45] 杨云燕,王其炎,彭地纬,等.饲粮添加肉桂醛对奶牛公犊生长、健康及瘤胃发酵性能的影响[J].中国农业科学,2021,54(10):2229-2238. YANG Y Y,WANG Q Y,PENG D W,et al.Effects of cinnamaldehyde on growth performance,health status,rumen fermentation and microflora of dairy calves[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2021,54(10):2229-2238.(in Chinese)
[46] 张成喜,滕乐帮,刘晓,等.肉桂醛对奶牛血液生化指标和养分消化率的影响[J].中国饲料,2017,587(15):8-11. ZHANG C X,TENG L B,LIU X,et al.Effects of cinnamic aldehyde on blood biochemical parameter and nutrient digestibility of dairy cow[J].China Feed,2017,587(15):8-11.(in Chinese)
[47] 张成喜,刘开东,孙国强.肉桂醛对奶牛尿中嘌呤衍生物排出量、产奶性能和氮排泄的影响[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(6):2010-2017. ZHANG C X,LIU K D,SUN G Q.Effects of cinnamic aldehyde on purine derivatives excretion,milk performance and nitrogen excretion of dairy cows[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(6):2010-2017.(in Chinese)
[48] CHAPMAN C E,ORT S B,ARAGONA K M,et al.Effect of cinnamaldehyde on feed intake,rumen fermentation,and nutrient digestibility,in lactating dairy cows[J].Journal of Animal Science,2019,97(4):1819-1827.
[49] FRASER G R,CHAVES A V,WANG Y,et al.Assessment of the effects of cinnamon leaf oil on rumen microbial fermentation using two continuous culture systems[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2007,90(5):2315-2328.
[50] WALL E H,DOANE P H,DONKIN S S,et al.The effects of supplementation with a blend of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol on feed intake and milk production of dairy cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2014,97(9):5709-5717.
[51] CHAVES A V,DUGAN M E R,STANFORD K,et al.A dose-response of cinnamaldehyde supplementation on intake,ruminal fermentation,blood metabolites,growth performance,and carcass characteristics of growing lambs[J].Livestock Science,2011,141(2-3):213-220.
[52] 崔乔,郝小燕,张宏祥,等.饲粮中添加肉桂醛对羔羊生长性能、消化代谢以及微生物蛋白合成的影响[J].动物营养学报,2021,33(6):3421-3430. CUI Q,HAO X Y,ZHANG H X,et al.Effects of dietary cinnamaldehyde on growth performance,digestion and metabolism,and microbial protein synthesis of lambs[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2021,33(6):3421-3430.(in Chinese)
[53] 崔乔,郝小燕,张宏祥,等.不同添加水平的肉桂醛对肉羊饲粮营养物质瘤胃降解特性及体外瘤胃发酵参数的影响[J].动物营养学报,2021,33(5):2765-2775. CUI Q,HAO X Y,ZHANG H X,et al.Effects of different supplemental levels of cinnamaldehyde on ruminal degradation characteristics of dietary nutrients and rumen fermentation parameters in vitro for meat sheep[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2021,33(5):2765-2775.(in Chinese)
[54] MARTÍNEZ-FERNÁNDEZ G,ABECIA L,MARTÍN-GARCÍA A I,et al. In vitro-in vivo study on the effects of plant compounds on rumen fermentation,microbial abundances and methane emissions in goats[J].Animal,2013,12:1925-1934.
[55] ALSAHT A A,BASSIONY S M,ABDEL-RAHMAN G A,et al.Effect of cinnamaldehyde thymol mixture on growth performance and some ruminal and blood constituents in growing lambs fed high concentrate diet[J].Life Science Journal,2014,11(3):240-248.
[56] AN X,WANG Y,WANG R,et al.Effects of a blend of cinnamaldehyde,eugenol and capsicum oleoresin (CEC) on growth performance,nutrient digestibility,immune response and antioxidant status of growing ewes[J].Livestock Science,2020,234:103982.
[57] 周明,吴东,王孟春,等.肉桂醛替代肉用仔鸡饲粮中抗生素的使用效果[J].中国农业大学学报,2019,24(4):94-101. ZHOU M,WU D,WANG M C,et al.Substitution effects of cinnamylaldehyde for antibiocs in broiler diets[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2019,24(4):94-101.(in Chinese)
[58] 郭海龙,罗琰,高博,等.肉桂醛对肉鸡生长性能、血清抗氧化与免疫等生化指标的影响[J].中国饲料,2023,718(2):50-54. GUO H L,LUO Y,GAO B,et al.Effects of cinnamaldehyde on growth performance,serum antioxidation and immunity in broilers[J].China Feed,2023,718(2):50-54.(in Chinese)
[59] 王贵敏.植物精油对麻黄肉鸡生长性能、肉品质及抗氧化性能的影响[D].成都:西南民族大学,2022. WANG G M.Effects of plant essential oils on growth performance,meat quality and antioxidant properties of Mahuang broilers[D].Chengdu:Southwest Minzu University,2022.(in Chinese)
[60] 刘洋.肉桂醛对肉鸡生产性能、肠道微生物及肠道结构的影响[D].保定:河北农业大学,2014. LIU Y.Effect of cinnamic aldehyde on the growth performance,intestinal flora and intestinal structure of broilers[D].Baoding:Hebei Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
[61] YANG C,DIARRA M S,CHOI J,et al.Effects of encapsulated cinnamaldehyde on growth performance,intestinal digestive and absorptive functions,meat quality and gut microbiota in broiler chickens[J].Translational Animal Science,2021,5(3):txab099.
[62] 柴建亭,胡梅,张书汁.肉桂醛对肉鸡生长性能、养分利用率及肉质的影响[J].中国饲料,2018,18:33-37. CHAI J T,HU M,ZHANG S Z.Effects of supplementation of cinnamaldehyde on growth performance,nutrient utilization and meat quality of broilers[J].China Feed,2018,18:33-37.(in Chinese)
[63] BOSETTI G E,GRIEBLER L,ANIECEVSKI E,et al.Microencapsulated carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde replace growth-promoting antibiotics:Effect on performance and meat quality in broiler chickens[J].Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências,2020,92(3):e20200343.
[64] 王孟春.肉桂醛和牛至油在肉仔鸡中应用效果的研究[D].合肥:安徽农业大学,2018. WANG M C.Research on the application effects of cinnamaldehyde and oregano oil in broilers[D].Hefei:Anhui Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese)
[65] LEE K W,EVERTS H,KAPPERT H J,et al.Effects of dietary essential oil components on growth performance,digestive enzymes and lipid metabolism in female broiler chickens[J].British Poultry Science,2003,44(3):450-457.
[66] ESPMARK Å M,ERIKSEN M S,SALTE R,et al.A note on pre-spawning maternal cortisol exposure in farmed atlantic salmon and its impact on the behaviour of offspring in response to a novel environment[J].Applied Animal Behaviour Science,2008,110(3-4):404-409.
[67] 宋文静,韦启鹏,赵品,等.包被肉桂醛对夏季高温条件下肉鸭生长性能、屠宰性能、血清抗氧化指标及空肠形态结构的影响[J].动物营养学报,2020,32(3):1188-1195. SONG W J,WEI Q P,ZHAO P,et al.Effects of coated cinnamaldehyde on growth performance,slaughter performance,serum antioxidant indices and jejunum morphology structure of meat ducks under high temperature in summer[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,32(3):1188-1195.(in Chinese)
[68] 李红英,黄小红,黄恩福,等.植物精油对山麻鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质和消化酶活性的影响[J].饲料研究,2020,43(7):44-47. LI H Y,HUANG X H,HUANG E F,et al.Effect of essential oils on performance,egg quality and digestive enzyme activity of Shan Partridge duck[J].Feed Research,2020,43(7):44-47.(in Chinese)
[69] 张云峰.植物精油预混剂对樱桃谷肉鸭生产性能及胴体品质、营养物质表观消化率和免疫性能的影响[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015. ZHANG Y F.Study on influence of plant essential oil on cherry valley ducks for its characters of production performance and carcass quality,apparent nutrient digestibility,immune function[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[70] 姚佳,肖世平,徐昊翔.肉桂醛对1~21日龄东北白鹅生长性能、免疫器官指数和血清抗氧化功能的影响[J].饲料广角,2016,491(20):38-40. YAO J,XIAO S P,XU H X.Effects of cinnamaldehyde on growth performance,immune organ index and serum antioxidant function of 1-21 days old Northeast White geese[J].Feed China,2016,491(20):38-40.(in Chinese)