两种有机锌源对新生犊牛生长性能及锌代谢的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.09.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究饲粮中添加两种不同有机锌源对新生犊牛生长性能及锌代谢的影响。【方法】试验随机选取30头新生荷斯坦母犊牛（体重39.4 kg±0.8 kg），随机分为3组，每组10头牛，对照组只饲喂牛乳，不添加有机锌；蛋白锌组和蛋氨酸锌组每头牛分别添加522.82 mg/d的蛋白锌和467.88 mg/d的蛋氨酸锌（均相当于80 mg Zn/d）。试验期14 d。在犊牛1日龄及14日龄晨饲前，测量每头犊牛体重，计算平均日增重。每天记录牛乳采食量，用于计算平均日采食量和料重比。每天晨饲前，由专人对犊牛粪便进行评分，计算犊牛腹泻率。在14日龄晨饲前，采集犊牛血清样品，用于测定血清中的钙、磷、锌、铜和铁浓度、碱性磷酸酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性、金属硫蛋白、丙二醛浓度以及总抗氧化能力。【结果】与对照组相比，添加蛋氨酸锌显著提高了犊牛平均日增重（P<0.05），添加蛋白锌和蛋氨酸锌均降低犊牛腹泻率并提高血清锌浓度（P<0.05），且蛋氨酸锌组犊牛的血清锌浓度显著高于蛋白锌组（P<0.05）。添加蛋氨酸锌显著降低犊牛血清铜浓度（P<0.05），而蛋白锌组犊牛的血清铜浓度与对照组之间无显著差异（P>0.05）。添加有机锌源显著增加了犊牛血清中金属硫蛋白的浓度（P<0.05），但仅蛋氨酸锌提高了犊牛血清碱性磷酸酶活性（P<0.05）；蛋氨酸锌能够显著提高犊牛血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性及总抗氧化能力（P<0.05），但是蛋白锌对其无显著影响（P>0.05）；蛋白锌和蛋氨酸锌均可显著降低血清丙二醛浓度（P<0.05）。【结论】饲粮中添加蛋氨酸锌能够提高犊牛的生长性能，降低腹泻率，改善机体锌代谢水平，且其效果优于蛋白锌，因此建议在犊牛饲粮中以蛋氨酸锌形式添加80 mg Zn/d。

关键词: 蛋白锌; 蛋氨酸锌; 新生犊牛; 生长性能; 锌代谢

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the effects of supplementation with two different organic zinc sources on the growth performance and zinc metabolism of newborn dairy heifers.【Method】 Thirty newborn Holstein heifers with similar body weight (BW 39.4 kg±0.8 kg) were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups, with 10 heifers in each group.Heifers in the control group (CON) was fed basal diet without organic zinc supplementation, and heifers in organic zinc groups were fed with 522.82 mg/d of zinc proteinate (Zn-Pro) or 467.88 mg of zinc methionine (Zn-Met) (equivalent to 80 mg Zn).The experiment lasted for 14 d.Before morning feeding on day 1 and 14, the body weight of each calf was measured to calculate the average daily gain.Milk intake was recorded daily and used to calculate average daily feed intake and F/G.The feces score was assessed by a specialized person before morning feeding every day, and the incidence of diarrhea was calculated.Before morning feeding on day 14, the serum samples were collected for the determination of calcium, phosphorus, zinc, copper and iron concentrations, activities of alkaline phosphatase and superoxide dismutase, metallothionein concentration, malondialdehyde concentration and total antioxidant capacity.【Result】 Compared with the CON group, supplementation with Zn-Met significantly increased the average daily gain of dairy heifers (P<0.05), supplementation with Zn-Pro and Zn-Met decreased the incidence of diarrhea and increased the serum zinc concentration of heifers (P<0.05), and the serum zinc concentration of heifers in Zn-Met group was significantly higher than that in Zn-Pro group (P<0.05).Compared with the CON group, supplementation with Zn-Met significantly decreased the serum copper concentration of heifers (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the Zn-Pro group and the control group(P>0.05).Compared with the CON group, supplementation with Zn-Pro and Zn-Met both significantly increased the serum concentration of metallothionein (P<0.05), but only Zn-Met increased serum activity of alkaline phosphatase (P<0.05).Superoxide dismutase activity and total antioxidant capacity in serum of heifers were increased by Zn-Met supplementation (P<0.05), but supplementation with Zn-Pro had no significant effect (P>0.05).Supplementation with Zn-Pro and Zn-Met reduced the concentration of malondialdehyde in serum of dairy heifers (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 Supplementation with Zn-Met in the diet improved the growth performance, reduced the incidence of diarrhea, and improved the zinc metabolism of dairy heifers, whose effects were better than that of Zn-Pro.Therefore, it was suggested to add 80 mg Zn/d as Zn-Met to the diet of dairy heifers.

Key words: zinc proteinate; zinc methionine; newborn heifer; growth performance; zinc metabolism

中图分类号:

S823

沃野千里, 高铎, 马峰涛, 金宇航, 刘茁, 孙鹏. 两种有机锌源对新生犊牛生长性能及锌代谢的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(9): 3382-3390.

WO Yeqianli, GAO Duo, MA Fengtao, JIN Yuhang, LIU Zhuo, SUN Peng. Effects of Two Different Organic Zinc Sources Supplementation on Growth Performance and Zinc Metabolism of Newborn Heifers[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(9): 3382-3390.

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