不同氮源添加低水平缩合单宁对延边黄牛瘤胃发酵特性及降解率的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.08.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验旨在研究不同氮源饲粮基础上添加低水平缩合单宁（CT）对延边黄牛瘤胃发酵参数及降解率的影响，以期筛选出缩合单宁的最佳添加比例及利用率更高的氮源，为缩合单宁作为反当动物功能性添加剂提供科学依据。试验选用4头延边黄牛（体重452.3 kg±27.1 kg）提供瘤胃液，以不含缩合单宁的6种饲料为氮源（大豆粕、棉籽粕、菜籽粕、紫花苜蓿、红三叶及山野豌豆），在每种氮源饲料中分别添加不同水平（0（对照组）、0.1%、0.5%、0.9%）缩合单宁，共24组，每组3个重复。采用体外培养法测定不同组合饲粮延边黄牛瘤胃体外发酵pH、氨态氮（NH₃-N）、挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）、产气量以及干物质有效降解率、粗蛋白质有效降解率、中性洗涤纤维有效降解率。结果表明，各试验组的pH、NH₃-N与VFA均在正常范围内变化并且可以满足瘤胃微生物的正常代谢，牧草类0.5%缩合单宁添加组（以下简称0.5%组）与饼粕类0.9%组以上各指标相对较好，且与各自对照组相比，产气量较低；大豆粕0.9%组、菜籽粕0.5%组以及红三叶0.1%组干物质有效降解率均较各自对照组略低（P>0.05）。棉籽粕0.5%组粗蛋白质有效降解率较对照组降低（P<0.05），3种牧草类0.9%组粗蛋白质有效降解率均低于对照组（P>0.05）。除红三叶0.1%组外，其余5种氮源缩合单宁添加组的中性洗涤纤维有效降解率均显著低于各自对照组（P<0.05）。综合考虑，饼粕类0.9%组、牧草类0.5%组更有利于优化瘤胃发酵环境，可降低瘤胃粗蛋白质降解率，能有效保护过瘤胃蛋白，其中山野豌豆、棉籽粕效果更优。

关键词: 氮源; 缩合单宁; 瘤胃发酵参数; 降解率; 延边黄牛

Abstract: The experiment was aimed to study the effects of adding low-level condensed tannins to different nitrogen sources on rumen fermentation parameters and degradation rate of Yanbian Yellow cattle, so as to screen out the nitrogen sources with the best adding ratio and higher utilization rate of condensed tannins, and to provide scientific basis for condensed tannins to be used as functional additives in ruminant.Four Yanbian Yellow cattle (452.3 kg±27.1 kg) were used to provide rumen fluid.6 kinds of feedstuff without condensed tannin were used as nitrogen sources (soybean meal, cottonseed meal, rapeseed meal, Medicago sativa, red clover and Vicia amoena).Different levels of condensed tannin (0 (control group), 0.1%, 0.5% and 0.9%) were added to each nitrogen source diet.There were 24 groups with 3 replicates in each group.The pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), volatile fatty acids (VFA), gas production, effective degradation rate of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber of Yanbian Yellow cattle in vitro rumen fermentation were determined.The results showed that the pH, NH₃-N and VFA of each experimental group changed within the normal range and could meet the normal metabolism of rumen microorganisms.These indexes of forage 0.5% condensed tannin groups (hereinafter referred to as 0.5% group) and cake 0.9% groups were good, and the gas production was lower than their respective control groups.The effective degradation rates of dry matter in soybean meal 0.9% group, rapeseed meal 0.5% group and red clover 0.1% group were slightly lower than their respective control groups (P>0.05).The effective degradation rate of crude protein in cottonseed meal 0.5% group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the effective degradation rate of crude protein in 3 forage 0.9% groups were lower than that in control group.Except for the red clover 0.1% group, the effective degradation rate of neutral detergent fiber in the other five nitrogen source condensed tannin addition groups were significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05).Comprehensively considered, the cake 0.9% groups and forage 0.5% groups were more conducive to optimizing the rumen fermentation environment, which could reduce the degradation rate of crude proteins in the rumen and effectively protect the rumen proteins.Among them, Vicia amoena and cottonseed meal had better effect.

Key words: nitrogen source; condensed tannins; rumen fermentation parameters; degradation rate; Yanbian Yellow cattle

中图分类号:

S816.7

曹雪, 黄小乘, 王宣力, 田怡豪, 李成云. 不同氮源添加低水平缩合单宁对延边黄牛瘤胃发酵特性及降解率的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(8): 2809-2819.

CAO Xue, HUANG Xiaocheng, WANG Xuanli, TIAN Yihao, LI Chengyun. Effects of Adding Low-level Condensed Tannins to Different Nitrogen Sources on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Degradation Rate of Yanbian Yellow Cattle[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(8): 2809-2819.

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