食药用真菌多糖的药理作用及其在兽医临床中的应用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2019.10.033

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 食药用真菌不仅给人们提供了大量的健康食品，其次级代谢产物所具有的生物学活性也存在着巨大应用潜力，近年来逐渐受到关注。多糖是食药用真菌的主要活性成分，具有增强机体免疫力、抗病毒、抗氧化、降血脂、降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗辐射、抗溃疡等生物学活性，被称为生物反应调节剂。目前，关于食药用真菌多糖的药理作用研究较为全面，但主要以单一多糖的药理作用研究为主，缺乏多糖之间的协同作用研究。食药用真菌多糖在兽医临床中主要作为调节动物机体免疫力、促生长的饲料添加剂使用，对于其在抗腹泻、抗菌、抗病毒等方面的应用及药理作用机制研究较少。作者主要对食药用真菌多糖的药理作用、构效关系和兽医临床应用等方面的研究进行了综述，并对目前食药用真菌多糖研究中存在的问题进行了分析，对其在兽医临床中的应用前景也做了展望。

关键词: 食药用真菌多糖; 药理作用; 兽医临床; 应用

Abstract: Edible and medicinal fungi not only provide a large number of healthy food for people,but also have great potential applications in the biological activities of secondary metabolites.In recent years,it has attracted more and more attention.Polysaccharides are the main active ingredients of edible and medicinal fungi,which have multiple biological activities such as enhancing the body's immunity,anti-virus,anti-oxidation,lipid-lowering,blood glucose-lowering,anti-tumor,anti-radiation and anti-ulcer.They are internationally known as biological response modifier.At present,the studies on the pharmacological effects of polysaccharides in edible and medicinal fungi are relatively comprehensive and mainly focus on the pharmacological effects of single polysaccharides.Edible-medicinal fungal polysaccharide is mainly used as a feed additive to regulate animal immunity and promote growth in veterinary clinic,but there are few studies on its application in anti-diarrhea,anti-bacterial and anti-virus and its pharmacological mechanism.In this paper,the pharmacological action,structure-activity relationship and veterinary clinical application of edible-medicinal fungal polysaccharides were reviewed,and the existing problems in the study were analyzed and the prospect of its application in veterinary clinic was forecasted.

Key words: edible-medicinal fungal polysaccharide; pharmacologic action; veterinary clinical; application

中图分类号:

Q539

王悦尚, 郑新新, 李富宽, 杨燕, 王慧, 吕慎金. 食药用真菌多糖的药理作用及其在兽医临床中的应用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2019, 46(10): 3106-3114.

WANG Yueshang, ZHENG Xinxin, LI Fukuan, YANG Yan, WANG Hui, LYU Shenjin. Advances in Pharmacological Action of Polysaccharides from Edible-medicinal Fungi and Its Application in Veterinary Clinic[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2019, 46(10): 3106-3114.

参考文献

[1] 郝瑞芳,景浩.真菌多糖的研究进展[J].中国食物与营养,2008,4:19-22. HAO R F,JING H.Advances in fungal polysaccharides[J]. Food and Nutrition in China,2008,4:19-22.(in Chinese)
[2] DU X,WANG X D,CHEN Y,et al.Antioxidant activity and oxidative injury rehabilitation of chemically modified polysaccharide (TAPA1) from Tremella aurantialba[J].Macromolecular Research,2018,26(6):479-483.
[3] DENG C,SUN Y Y,FU H T,et al.Antioxidant and immunostimulatory activities of polysaccharides extracted from Tremella aurantialba mycelia[J].Molecular Medicine Reports,2016,14(5):48-57.
[4] 方一泓,余萍,李薇,等.茶树菇子实体多糖的分离纯化和免疫活性研究[J].食用菌学报,2007,13(4):63-73. FANG Y H,YU P,LI W,et al.Isolation,purification and immunological activity of polysaccharides from fruiting body of tea tree mushroom[J]. Acta Edulis Fungi,2007,13(4):63-73.(in Chinese)
[5] WASSER S.Medicinal mushrooms as a source of antitumor and immunomodulating polysaccharides[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,2002,60(3):258-274.
[6] ZHANG Y,GU M,WANG K,et al.Structure,chain conformation and antitumor activity of a novel polysaccharide from Lentinus edodes[J].Fitoterapia,2010,81(8):1163-1170.
[7] 梁雪,倪秀珍,汉丽萍.食药用真菌多糖生物活性的研究进展[J].长春师范大学学报,2018,7(10):82-85. LIANG X,NI X Z,HAN L P.Advances in bioactivities of polysaccharides from edible medicinal fungi[J].Journal of Changchun Normal University,2018,37(10):82-85.(in Chinese)
[8] 杜梅,张松.食用菌多糖降血糖机理研究[J].微生物学杂志,2007,27(2):83-87. DU M,ZHANG S.Mechanism of edible fungal polysaccharide on reducing blood sugar[J].Journal of Microbiology,2007,27(2):83-87.(in Chinese)
[9] 连永权,张颖,曾艳.茶树菇菌糠多糖提取物对肉鸡生长性能和免疫功能的影响[J].饲料博览,2016,2:15-20. LIAN Y Q,ZHANG Y,ZENG Y.Effects of polysaccharide extract of Agrocybe aegerita on growth performance and immune function of broilers[J].Feed Review,2016,2:15-20.(in Chinese)
[10] 张茜.真菌多糖免疫调节作用的初步研究[D].武汉:华中科技大学,2016. ZHANG Q.Preliminary study on the immunomodulatory effects of fungal polysaccharides[D].Wuhan:Huazhong University of Science and Technology,2016.(in Chinese)
[11] 熊川,罗强,金鑫,等.人工栽培灵芝中多糖的部分理化性质及免疫调节作用[J].微生物学通报,2018,45(4):825-835. XIONG C,LUO Q,JIN X,et al.Physiochemical properties immunoregulatory effects of the polysaccharides from Ganodema lingzhi[J].Microbiology China,2018,45(4):825-835.(in Chinese)
[12] 张瑞婷,周涛,宋潇潇,等.灵芝活性成分及其药理作用的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2018,3:18-19. ZHANG R T,ZHOU T,SONG X X,et al.Research progress on active constituents and pharmacological effects of Ganoderma lucidum[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2018,3:18-19.(in Chinese)
[13] XIANG Q D,YU Q,WANG H,et al.Immunomodulatory effect of Ganoderma atrum polysaccharides on Th17/Treg balance[J].Journal of Functional Foods,2018,45:215-222.
[14] 邹佳妤.灵芝发酵条件优化及其对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2016. ZOU J Y.Optimization of fermentation conditions of Ganoderma lucidum and its immunomodulatory effects in immunosuppressed mice[D].Haerbin:Northeast Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[15] LIU Z G,XING J,ZHENG S S,et al.Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides encapsulated in liposome as an adjuvant to promote Th1-bias immune response[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2016,142:141-148.
[16] 侯玮婷.复方茯苓多糖口服液抗肿瘤和调节免疫功能的药效学研究[D].广州:南方医科大学,2017. HOU W T.Pharmacodynamic study of anti-tumor and immune function of compound scorpion polysaccharide oral liquid[D].Guangzhou:Southern Medical University,2017.(in Chinese)
[17] ZHANG Q,CONG R H,HU M H,et al.Immunoenhancement of edible fungal polysaccharides (Lentinan,Tremellan,and Pachymaran) on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in mouse model[J].Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine,2017,2017:1-7.
[18] 刘晏瑜.美味牛肝菌抗肿瘤作用及免疫功能初步探究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2014. LIU Y Y.Preliminary study on anti-tumor effect and immune function of Boletus edulis[D].Changchun:Jilin Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
[19] 王思芦,汪开毓,彭艳伶.野生鸡枞菌多糖的提取及其免疫活性分析[J].中国兽医科学,2011,12:1276-1281. WANG S L,WANG K Y,PENG Y L.Immune activity of a polysaccharide isolated from wild Collybia albuminosa[J].Veterinary Science in China,2011,12:1276-1281.(in Chinese)
[20] LIU J Y,FENG C P,LI X,et al.Immunomodulatory and antioxidative activity of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharides in mice[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2016,86:594-598.
[21] REN Z,QIN T,QIU F,et al.Immunomodulatory effects of hydroxyethylated Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide on macrophages RAW264.7[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2017,105(1):879.
[22] 胡顺珍,贾乐.食药用真菌多糖构效关系研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2007,2(4):42-50. HU S Z,JIA L.Advances in studies on the structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from edible and medicinal fungi[J].Biotechnology Bulletin,2007,2(4):42-50.(in Chinese)
[23] LI K K,ZHUO C,TENG C Y,et al.Effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides on chronic pancreatitis and intestinal microbiota in mice[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules.2016,93:904-912.
[24] ZHAO X N,HU Y L,WANG D Y,et al.Optimization of sulfated modification conditions of tremella polysaccharide and effects of modifiers on cellular infectivity of NDV[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2011,49(1):44-49.
[25] IRINODA K,MASIHI K N,CHIHARA G,et al.Stimulation of microbicidal host defence mechanisms against aerosol influenza virus infection by lentinan[J].International Journal of Immunopharmacology,1992,14(6):971-977.
[26] 刘静.灵芝多糖抗病毒和抗肿瘤作用机制研究[D].武汉:武汉大学,2005. LIU J.Antiviral and antitumor activities of polysaccharides isolated from mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum[D].Wuhan:Wuhan University,2005.(in Chinese)
[27] 张萍.赤灵芝多糖抗病毒活性和增强免疫作用研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015. ZHANG P.Antivirus activity and immune enhancement of polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[28] 刘丹丹,朱志学,马健,等.地木耳多糖的抗氧化活性与抗菌活性研究[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2019,10(4):921-926. LIU D D,ZHU Z X,MA J,et al.Research on the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of polysaccharides from Nostoc commune[J].Journal of Food Safety and Quality,2019,10(4):921-926.(in Chinese)
[29] 侯爱萍,张树梅.香菇多糖抗菌抗病毒普适性研究[J].药学研究,2015,34(4):199-201. HOU A P,ZHANG S M.Investigation on the universality of antibiotic property of lentinan[J].Journal of Pharmaceutical Research,2015,34(4):199-201.(in Chinese)
[30] WANG C H,LIN D M,CHEN Q,et al.Polysaccharide peptide isolated from grass-cultured Ganoderma lucidum induces anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in the human U251 glioma cell line[J].Oncology Letters, 2018,15(4):4330-4336.
[31] 谢昊霖.银耳多糖不同途径给药对环磷酰胺抗肿瘤的减毒增效作用研究[D].长春:吉林大学,2012. XIE H L.Effect of different routes of Tremella polysaccharides on attenuation and synergy in antitumor treatment with cyclophosphamide[D].Changchun:Jilin University,2012.(in Chinese)
[32] 韩英,徐文清,杨福军,等.银耳多糖的抗肿瘤作用及其机制[J].医药导报,2011,30(7):849-852. HAN Y,XU W Q,YANG F J,et al.Tumor-inhibitory effect and mechanism of polysaccharide from Tremella fuciformi in mice[J].Herald of Medicine,2011,30(7):849-852.(in Chinese)
[33] 陈欣,龚兰,刘冠卉.食用真菌多糖提取条件的优化及其还原力的比较[J].食品科学,2010,31(14):140-144. CHEN X,GONG L,LIU G H.Optimization of extraction conditions for polysaccharides from edible fungi and comparison of their reducing power[J].Food Science,2010,31(14):140-144.(in Chinese)
[34] SHEN T,DUAN C,CHEN B D,et al.Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide suppresses hydrogen peroxide triggered injury of human skin fibroblasts via upregulation of SIRT1[J].Molecular Medicine Reports,2017,16(2):1340-1346.
[35] 吴振亚.银耳多糖的提取纯化、理化性质及抗氧化活性研究[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2015. WU Z Y.Study on extraction,purification,physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activitiy of Tremella Fuciformis polysaccharides[D].Ya’an:Sichuan Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[36] XU J,LIU W,YAO W B,et al.Carboxymethylation of a polysaccharide extracted from Ganoderma lucidum enhances its antioxidant activities in vitro[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,2009,78(2):227-234.
[37] 魏华,张娣,陆玲,等.几种食用菌多糖的提取与抗氧化性研究[J].南京师大学报(自然科学版),2017,40(2):72-75. WEI H,ZHANG D,LU L,et al.Extraction,purification and antioxidant activities of several polysaccharides from edible and medicinal fungi[J].Journal of Nanjing Normal University (Natural Science Edition),2017,40(2):72-75.(in Chinese)
[38] 李广富,陈伟,范路平,等.茶树菇多糖酸奶的抗氧化活性与抗衰老研究[J].现代食品科技,2015,31(10):140-146. LI G F,CHEN W,FAN L P,et al.In vitro antioxidative and anti-aging effects of Agrocybe aegerita polysaccharide yogurt[J].Modern Food Science & Technology,2015,31(10):140-146.(in Chinese)
[39] 郭丽新,钟文,姜玲.蛹虫草多糖对衰老小鼠抗氧化水平及小鼠H22瘤组织Bcl-2、Bax mRNA表达的影响[J].贵州医科大学学报,2019,2:1-2. GUO L X,ZHONG W,JIANG L.Effects of Cordyceps militaris polysaccharide on antioxidant level and Bcl-2,Bax mRNA expression in h22 tumor tissues of aging rats[J].Journal of Guizhou Medical University,2019,2:1-2.(in Chinese)
[40] 李雨鑫,盛瑜,杜培革,等.姬松茸多糖的提取及其对D-半乳糖诱导衰老小鼠的免疫调节作用[J].食品工业科技,2019,40(12):295-299. LI Y X,SHENG Y,DU P G,et al.Extraction of Agaricus Blazei Murill polysaccharide and its immunomodulatory effect on D-galactose-induced aging mice[J].Science and Technology of Food industry,2019,40(12):295-299.(in Chinese)
[41] 刘胜阳,栗霄立.灵芝多糖通过上调SIRTl的表达缓解肾脏衰老[J].临床和实验医学杂志,2018,17(6):568-572. LIU S Y,LI X L.Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides alleviate kidney aging by up－regulating SIRT1 expression[J].Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine,2008,17(6):568-572.(in Chinese)
[42] 李上上.双孢菇酶提子实体多糖的抗氧化和抗衰老作用[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2018. LI S S.Antioxidant and anti-aging effects of enzymatic-extractable fruit body polysaccharides from Agaricus bisporus[D].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese)
[43] 荆慧娟.杨树菇菌丝体多糖抗氧化和抗衰老作用研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2018. JING H J.Antioxidant and anti-aging effects of mycelium polysaccharides from Agrocybe aegerita (Brig.) Sing[D].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese)
[44] 张晨.杏鲍菇菌丝体多糖的分离纯化及抗衰老、抗糖尿病活性分析[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2018. ZHANG C.Purification,anti-aging and anti-diabetic effects of mycelia polysaccharides from Pleurotus eryngii[D].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese)
[45] 李小雨,王振宇,王璐.食用菌多糖的分离、结构及其生物活性的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2012,28(12):236-240. LI X Y,WANG Z Y,WANG L.Research progress on the isolation,structure and biological activity of polysaccharides from edible fungi[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2012,28(12):236-240.(in Chinese)
[46] MISAKI A,KAKUTA M,SASAKI T,et al.Studies on interrelation of structure and antitumor effects of polysaccharides:Antitumor action of periodate-modified,branched(1→3)-beta-D-glucan of auricularia auricula-judae,and other polysaccharides containing(1→3)-glycosidic linkages[J]. Carbohydrate Research,1981,92(1):115-129.
[47] SASAKI T,TAKASUKA N,CHIHARA G,et al.Antitumor activity of degraded products of lentinan:Its correlation with molecular weight[J].Gann Japanese Journal of Cance,1976,67(2):191-195.
[48] 任红梅,王思芦.药用真菌多糖的免疫活性及化学特征研究进展[J].广州化工,2014,22:8-10. REN H M,WANG S L.Research progress on immunological activity and chemical characteristic of medicinal mushroom polysaccharides[J].Guangzhou Chemical Industry,2014,22:8-10.(in Chinese)
[49] 姜玥.五种食用菌不同提取物的免疫活性比较及理化特性分析[D].合肥:合肥工业大学,2013. JIANG Y.Comparison of the immunological activities and physicochemical characteristics of the extracts from five edible fungi[D].Hefei:Hefei University of Technology,2013.(in Chinese)
[50] 卢艳.金针菇子实体水溶性多糖纯化、结构鉴定及对乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性的研究[D].杭州:浙江工业大学,2014. LU Y.Purification,structure identification and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of water-soluble polysaccharide from fruity body of Flammulina velutipes[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University of Technology,2014.(in Chinese)
[51] 孙思,王安波.香菇多糖在畜禽生产中应用的研究进展[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2017,33(1):216-216. SUN S,WANG A B.Research progress in the application of lentinus polysaccharide in livestock and poultry production[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,2017,33(1):216-216.(in Chinese)
[52] 江益平.真菌多糖对猪瘟疫苗免疫后抗体水平的影响[J].畜禽业,2011,12:46-48. JIANG Y P.Effects of fungal polysaccharides on antibody levels after immunization with hog cholera vaccine[J].Livestock and Poultry Industry,2011,12:46-48.(in Chinese)
[53] 阮世良.硫酸化黑木耳多糖的抗病毒和增强免疫活性及其与其他九种硫酸化多糖的比较[D].南京:南京农业大学,2012. RUAN S L.The antiviral and immune-enhancing activities of sulfated Auricularia auricula polysaccharide and its comparison with other nine SPS[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2012.(in Chinese)
[54] 石振斌,张振营,林丽,等.银耳多糖提取物对仔猪口蹄疫免疫增强作用研究[J].饲料研究,2018,3:59-61. SHI Z B,ZHANG Z Y,LIN L,et al.Effect of tremella polysaccharide extract on foot-and-mouth disease immunity of piglets[J].Feed Research,2008,3:59-61.(in Chinese)
[55] 刘金海,陈永祯,文力正,等.红酒香菇多糖对肉鸡生长性能及抗病力的影响[J].安徽农业科学,2009,37(14):6441-6442. LIU J H,CHEN Y Z,WEN L Z.Effect of red wine lentinan the growth performance and disease resistance of broilers[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences,2009,37(14):6441-6442.(in Chinese)
[56] 刘小玲,徐向群,黄燕华,等.桦褐孔菌多糖对凡纳滨对虾生长和血清免疫相关酶活性的影响[J].水产科学,2014,33(4):201-207. LIU X L,XU X Q,HUANG Y H,et al.Effects of four Inonotus obliquus polysaccharides on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,non-specific immunity and activities of related antioxidant enzymes in pacific White leg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei[J]. Fisheries Science,2014,33(4):201-207.
[57] 吴异健.两种中药多糖对呼肠孤病毒感染番鸭的免疫调节作用[D].福州:福建农林大学,2010. WU Y J.Immunoregulating effects of two Chinese herbal polysaccharides on muscovy duck infecting of MDRV[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2010.(in Chinese)
[58] SHANG H M,SONG H,WANG L N,et al.Effects of dietary polysaccharides from the submerged fermentation concentrate of Hericium caput-medusae (Bull.:Fr.) Pers.on performance,gut microflora,and cholesterol metabolism in broiler chickens[J].Livestock Science,2014,167:276-285.
[59] 薛凌峰.香菇多糖对仔猪生产性能、免疫功能及抗氧化能力影响的研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2008. XUE L F.Study on effect of Lentinus Edodes polysaccharide on growth performance,immuno function and antioxidant ability in piglet[D].Baoding:Hebei Agricultural University,2008.(in Chinese)
[60] 姚俊.松乳菇多糖对早期断奶乳猪生产性能和预防腹泻的影响[J].中兽医医药杂志,2009,2:15-17. YAO J.Effects of Lactarius deliciosus polysaccharide on growth performance and diarrhea prevention in weaning piglets[J].Chinese journal of veterinary medicine,2009,2:15-17.(in Chinese)
[61] HU Z P,CHEN X,YANG X X,et al.Water-soluble polysaccharides of Ganoderma lucidum (W.Curt.:Fr.) P.Karst.(Aphyllophoromycetideae) alleviate the dose-limiting toxicities of irinotecan (CPT-11)[J].International Journal of Medicinal Mushrooms,2006,8(4):321-328.
[62] 徐维锋,梁运祥.新型仔猪无抗饲料的初步开发研究[J].饲料工业,2009,30(12):36-39. XU W F,LIANG Y X.Preliminary development of a new type of non - resistant feed for piglets[J].Feed Industry,2009,30(12):36-39.(in Chinese)
[63] 黄小丽,邓永强,汪开毓,等.香菇多糖对幼建鲤肠道菌群数量及非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2013,4:329-333. HUANG X L,DENG Y Q,WANG K Y,et al.The influence of lentinan on intestinal microflora and nonspecific immunity of juvenile Jian common carp Cyprinus carpio var.Jian[J].Journal of Dalian Fisheries University,2013,4:329-333.(in Chinese)
[64] LI Z J,BAI H X,ZHENG L X,et al.Bioactive polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as possible feed additives to manipulate rumen fermentation in Rusitec fermenters[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2018,109:1088-1094.
[65] 李丽莉.木耳寡糖制备工艺和生物活性的研究[D].哈尔滨:黑龙江大学,2010. LI L L.Preparation technology and biological activity of Auricularia aurieula oligosaccharide[D].Haerbin:Heilongjiang University,2010.(in Chinese)
[66] 张圣方,赵龙玉,赵凤春,等.泰山蛹虫草多糖对免疫抑制小鼠肠道菌群及分泌型免疫球蛋白A的影响[J].食品科学,2015,36(5):148-152. ZHANG S F,ZHAO L Y,ZHAO F C,et al.Effect of Cordyceps taishanensis polysaccharide on intestinal microflora and secretory immunoglobulin A in immunosuppressive mice[J].Food science,2015,36(5):148-152.(in Chinese)
[67] 王雪.长根菇胞外多糖对肠道微生态的影响及其抗氧化作用的研究[D].泰安:山东农业大学,2015. WANG X.Effect of Oudemansiella radicata exopolysaccharides on intestinal microflora and antioxidant activities[D].Tai’an:Shandong Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)