2023年华南地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的遗传变异分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.01.030

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】了解2023年华南地区猪场猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)的遗传变异情况,为华南地区PRRSV的防控提供理论依据。【方法】采用实时荧光定量PCR方法对华南地区不同猪场采集的328份样品进行PRRSV检测,对来自不同猪场具有代表性的29个PRRSV阳性样品ORF5基因进行测序和遗传进化分析。【结果】所有样本中PRRSV的阳性率为54.27%(178/328),获得29株PRRSV。ORF5基因序列分析结果显示,所获得的PRRSV 毒株均属于基因Ⅱ型毒株,29株PRRSV ORF5基因之间的核苷酸序列相似性为83.7%~100%,氨基酸序列相似性为83.0%~100%。其中6株属于以重组毒株NADC30-like为代表的谱系1,2株属于以经典毒株VR2332为代表的谱系5,21株属于以高致病性毒株JXA1为代表的谱系8。ORF5基因氨基酸突变主要集中在2个高变区、1个诱饵表位和3个跨膜区。谱系1的5株毒株的诱饵表位区域发生了V27A突变,谱系5的2株毒株的诱饵表位区域发生了V29A突变。在中和表位区域,谱系1的8株毒株发生了I39L突变,谱系8的5株毒株发生了I39F突变。在毒力相关位点中,部分毒株发生了R13Q、R151K、R151I、R151G突变。此外,谱系1的N-糖基化位点变异较多,主要集中在第30－32、32－34、33－35、34－36、35－37、57－59位氨基酸处,而谱系5和谱系8的N-糖基化位点相对保守。【结论】目前华南地区猪场的PRRSV阳性率仍较高,PRRSV流行以多谱基因Ⅱ型为特征,谱系8和谱系1毒株占比较高,并且变异复杂多样,需加强对PRRSV的监测,以掌握PRRSV毒株之间的遗传变异情况,及时做好防控。

关键词: 猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV); 遗传变异; ORF5基因; 谱系

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed to investigate the genetic variation of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in pig farms in South China in 2023,and provide theoretical basis for PRRSV prevention and control in South China. 【Method】 Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect PRRSV in 328 samples collected from different pig farms in South China.ORF5 gene of 29 representative PRRSV-positive samples from different pig farms were sequenced and analyzed for genetic evolution. 【Result】 The positive rate of PRRSV in all samples was 54.27% (178/328).The sequence analysis of ORF5 gene of 29 strains of PRRSV showed that all the obtained strains belonged to the genotype Ⅱ.The nucleotide sequence similarity between the 29 PRRSV ORF5 gene was 83.7% to 100%,and the amino acid sequence similarity was 83.0% to 100%.Among them,6 strains belonged to lineage 1 represented by the recombinant strain NADC30-like,2 strains belonged to lineage 5 represented by the classical strain VR2332,and 21 strains belonged to lineage 8 represented by the highly pathogenic strain JXA1.The amino acid mutations derived from the ORF5 gene were mainly concentrated in 2 highly variable regions,1 bait epitopes,and 3 transmembrane regions.5 strains of lineage 1 showed a V27A mutation in the bait epitope region,while 2 strains of lineage 5 showed a V29A mutation in the bait epitope region.In the neutralizing epitope region,8 strains of lineage 1 exhibited I39L mutations,and 5 strains of lineage 8 exhibited I39F mutations.In virulence-related loci,some strains had undergone mutations in R13Q,R151K,R151I and R151G.In addition,there were more variations in the N-glycation sites of lineage 1,mainly concentrated in amino acids at positions 30－32,32－34,33－35,34－36,35－37 and 57－59,while the N-glycation sites of lineage 5 and lineage 8 were relatively conserved. 【Conclusion】 At present,there was a high positive rate of PRRSV in pig farms in South China.The prevalence of PRRSV was characterized by multi-lineage genotype Ⅱ strains,with lineage 8 and lineage 1 strains accounting for a relatively high proportion and having complex and diverse variations.It was necessary to strengthen the monitoring of PRRSV,understand the genetic variation among PRRSV strains,and timely implement prevention and control measures.

Key words: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV); genetic variation; ORF5 gene; lineage

中图分类号:

S852.65⁺1

李松倍, 谢永生, 龙晓琴, 张晓晓, 陈永杰, 张春红, 焦茂兴, 郭春和. 2023年华南地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的遗传变异分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(1): 331-340.

LI Songbei, XIE Yongsheng, LONG Xiaoqin, ZHANG Xiaoxiao, CHEN Yongjie, ZHANG Chunhong, JIAO Maoxing, GUO Chunhe. Genetic Variation Analysis of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus in South China in 2023[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(1): 331-340.

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