噬菌体抑菌功能蛋白及其协同作用机制研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.01.029

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来,全球范围内抗生素耐药性细菌的频繁出现给公共卫生带来了极大挑战,促使科研界探寻传统抗生素之外的新型抗菌策略。噬菌体作为细菌的天敌,其独特的抗菌特性使之成为抗生素治疗潜在的替代方案,吸引了广泛的研究兴趣。噬菌体通过直接破坏细菌细胞结构,如细胞膜和细胞壁,引发细菌裂解,或间接干预细菌代谢路径及生命过程,有效抑制细菌生长,表现出多样化的抑菌机制。鉴于此,全面剖析噬菌体编码的抑菌蛋白种类、作用机制及其协同效应,对于指导新型噬菌体疗法的开发与优化、发掘抗菌治疗的新靶标具有重要的科学价值。笔者汇总并评析了近期噬菌体抑菌蛋白研究的前沿动态,特别聚焦于蛋白的分类、作用机理及其对细菌生命周期的多维度影响,旨在通过详尽探讨这些分子如何精准靶向并抑制细菌的关键生理过程,包括裂解细胞结构,干扰DNA复制、蛋白质合成及细胞壁合成等,揭示噬菌体蛋白在抗菌领域的创新应用潜力。同时,介绍了噬菌体蛋白在不同应用场景下的有效性,如临床治疗、食品安全及环境保护,进一步强调其实际转化意义,以增进对噬菌体蛋白抗菌机制的科学理解,为应对抗生素耐药性危机提供创新视角与策略导向,促进对抗菌研究新方式的探索。

关键词: 噬菌体; 抑菌蛋白; 协同作用; 应用领域

Abstract: In recent years,the frequent emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria worldwide has posed a great challenge to public health,prompting the research community to explore novel antibacterial strategies other than traditional antibiotics.Phages,as natural enemies of bacteria,have attracted extensive research interest due to their unique antibacterial properties that make them potential alternatives to antibiotics.Phages exhibit diverse bacterial inhibitory mechanisms by directly disrupting bacterial cell structures,such as cell membranes and cell walls,triggering bacterial lysis,or indirectly interfering with bacterial metabolic pathways and life processes to effectively inhibit bacterial growth.In view of this,a comprehensive analysis of phage-encoded bacteriostatic proteins,their mechanisms of action and their synergistic effects is of critical scientific value to guide the development and optimisation of novel phage therapeutics and to uncover new targets for antibacterial treatment.The authors summarize and evaluate recent developments in the study of phage inhibitory proteins,with a special focus on the classification,mechanism of action and their multidimensional effects on the bacterial life cycle,so as to reveal the potential of phage proteins for innovative antibacterial applications by exploring in detail how these molecules precisely target and inhibit key physiological processes in bacteria,including the cleavage of cellular structures,interference with DNA replication,protein synthesis and cell wall synthesis.Meanwhile,several examples are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of phage proteins in different application scenarios,such as clinical therapy,food safety and environmental protection,to further emphasize their practical translational significance.The comprehensive analysis in this review will not only enhance the scientific understanding of the antimicrobial mechanism of phage proteins,but also provide innovative perspectives and strategies to address the crisis of antibiotic resistance,and facilitate the exploration of a new way for antimicrobial research.

Key words: bacteriophage; antibacterial proteins; synergistic mechanisms; application fields

中图分类号:

严婷婷, 赵静雯, 赵圣国, 吴慧光. 噬菌体抑菌功能蛋白及其协同作用机制研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(1): 322-330.

YAN Tingting, ZHAO Jingwen, ZHAO Shengguo, WU Huiguang. Advance in Bacteriophage-derived Antibacterial Proteins and Their Synergistic Mechanisms[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(1): 322-330.

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