蚕沙的营养特征、处理工艺及其在动物生产中的应用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.05.010

中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2024, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (5): 1893-1902.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.05.010

蚕沙的营养特征、处理工艺及其在动物生产中的应用研究进展

贾少炎¹, 李袁飞², 梅华迪⁴, 刘杰³, 贾新正¹

1. 佛山科学技术学院生命科学与工程学院, 佛山 528000;
2. 南昌师范学院生物技术研究院, 江西省地方鸡种遗传改良重点实验室, 南昌 330000;
3. 湘中幼儿师范高等专科学校, 邵阳 422000;
4. 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所, 农业农村部华南动物营养与饲料重点实验室, 畜禽育种国家重点实验室, 广东省畜禽育种与营养研究重点实验室, 广东省畜禽肉品质量安全控制与评定工程技术研究中心, 广州 510640

收稿日期:2023-12-19 出版日期:2024-05-05 发布日期:2024-04-28
通讯作者: 刘杰, 贾新正 E-mail:hnauliujie@126.com;xinzhengjia@fosu.edu.cn
作者简介:贾少炎,E-mail:2112159005@stu.fosu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
广东省高校重点领域专项"节粮型优质黄羽肉鸡新品系培育技术集成与优化"(2023ZDZX4051);广东省农村科技特派员专项资金"杏花鸡繁育和养殖技术体系优化和推广"(BGK45401);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-37)

Research Progress on the Nutritional Characteristics,Processing Technology and Application of Silkworm Excrement in Animal Production

JIA Shaoyan¹, LI Yuanfei², MEI Huadi⁴, LIU Jie³, JIA Xinzheng¹

1. School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China;
2. Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement of Indigenous Chicken Breeds, Institute of Biotechnology, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang 330000, China;
3. Xiangzhong Normal for Preschool Education, Shaoyang 422000, China;
4. Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering and Technology Research Center for Quality and Safety Control and Evaluation of Livestock and Poultry Meat, Guangzhou 510640, China

Received:2023-12-19 Online:2024-05-05 Published:2024-04-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 蚕沙是桑蚕产业的副产物,具有产量丰富和价格低廉,富含粗蛋白质、粗纤维、粗脂肪等常规营养成分及钙、磷、铜、铁、锌、锰等矿物元素,同时含有黄酮、多酚、维生素、生物碱等活性成分的特点,可作为一种优质的非常规饲料原料。然而,蚕沙中含有大量微生物、纤维素、亚硝酸盐、单宁、果胶、植酸等有毒有害或抗营养物质,直接饲喂会对动物健康产生消极影响,这严重限制了蚕沙的饲料化利用。采用一些技术手段,特别是微生物发酵技术不仅可降解蚕沙中的果胶、纤维素、亚硝酸盐、木质素、植酸、单宁等抗营养物质,抑制有害微生物的繁殖,而且还能提高其粗蛋白质、粗脂肪等营养物质含量,进而改善蚕沙的营养结构和营养价值,这对推进蚕沙的饲料化利用和缓解中国饲料资源紧缺等问题意义重大。在动物生产中,饲粮中适宜的蚕沙添加或替代水平具有提高动物生产性能、改善动物产品品质、调控机体免疫和代谢等作用,在畜牧领域具有广泛的发展应用前景。作者就蚕沙的营养特点和组成成分、处理工艺,以及蚕沙在动物生产中的应用进行归纳总结,以期为蚕沙的饲料化利用提供参考。

关键词: 蚕沙; 营养特点; 发酵处理; 干燥处理; 动物生产

Abstract: Silkworm excrement,a by-product of the sericulture industry,possesses a plethora of conventional nutrients such as crude protein,crude fiber,and crude fat,as well as essential minerals including calcium,phosphorus,copper,iron,zinc,and manganese.Additionally,this by-product contains valuable bioactive compounds such as flavonoids,polyphenols,vitamins,and alkaloids.Due to its abundant production and cost-effectiveness,silkworm excrement can serve as a high-quality unconventional feed ingredient.However,silkworm excrement includes a substantial amount of microorganisms,cellulose,nitrites,tannins,pectin,phytic acid,and other toxic,harmful,or anti-nutritional substances,which can adversely impact animal health when consumed directly.Consequently,this greatly hampers the potential utilization of silkworm excrement as feed.By implementing various technical approaches,especially microbial fermentation technology,it is possible not only to degrade pectin,cellulose,nitrites,lignin,phytic acid,tannins,and other anti-nutritional substances present in silkworm excrement but also to inhibit the proliferation of harmful microorganisms.Moreover,this process can enhance the content of crude protein,crude fat,and other nutritional substances,subsequently improving the nutritional structure and value of silkworm excrement.As a result,this bears great significance in promoting the feed utilization of silkworm excrement and alleviating the scarcity of feed resources in China.Within animal production,the appropriate inclusion or substitution of silkworm excrement in animal diets has been proven to enhance animal performance,improve the quality of animal products,and regulate the immune system and metabolism of the animal.This suggests that integrating silkworm excrement into animal feed holds promising prospects for development and application in the field of animal husbandry.The authors summarized the nutritional characteristics,compositional constituents,and processing methods of silkworm excrement,along with its application in animal production,aiming to provide a reference for the utilization of silkworm excrement as feed.

Key words: silkworm excrement; nutritional characteristics; fermentation processing; dry processing; animal production

中图分类号:

S816.48

贾少炎, 李袁飞, 梅华迪, 刘杰, 贾新正. 蚕沙的营养特征、处理工艺及其在动物生产中的应用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(5): 1893-1902.

JIA Shaoyan, LI Yuanfei, MEI Huadi, LIU Jie, JIA Xinzheng. Research Progress on the Nutritional Characteristics,Processing Technology and Application of Silkworm Excrement in Animal Production[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(5): 1893-1902.

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蚕沙的营养特征、处理工艺及其在动物生产中的应用研究进展

Research Progress on the Nutritional Characteristics,Processing Technology and Application of Silkworm Excrement in Animal Production

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