超氧化物歧化酶的生理功能及其在动物生产中的应用前景

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.03.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 氧化应激会导致机体内的氧化与抗氧化的失衡,从而产生过多的活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)基团造成细胞和组织的损伤、机体炎症等疾病,影响机体的生长发育。超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)是存在于生物体内的一种抗氧化金属酶,它能够通过歧化反应催化超氧阴离子自由基(superoxide anionradical,O₂^-),从而清除动物机体内过多的ROS。研究发现,SOD不仅在抗氧化功能上具有专一性、高效性,能够减缓机体衰老,并且还能在一定程度上提高动物肠道健康、生产性能和调节机体免疫功能。在集约化畜禽养殖、生产机器的大规模使用情况下,辐射对于动物所造成的损伤需要引起关注,有效地利用SOD的抗辐射功能以缓解或改善辐射对于机体的影响,值得进一步探索。目前,针对缓解机体氧化应激的添加剂主要有维生素、微量元素、植物提取物等,而利用SOD来缓解动物氧化应激、提高生产性能的研究相对较少,主要源于天然SOD提取成本高、分子质量大、易失活等。但随着人工合成SOD的出现,降低了制备SOD的成本,且SOD具备高活性、小分子易吸收的特点,这使得SOD在畜禽生产中的应用逐渐增多,未来可以挖掘更多SOD的应用潜力,将SOD更广泛地应用于动物生产中。笔者对SOD抗氧化、抗衰老、抗炎症、抗辐射、调节机体免疫等生理功能进行了总结,以期为SOD在动物生产中的应用提供更多理论依据。

关键词: 超氧化物歧化酶(SOD); 生理功能; 动物生产; 应用

Abstract: Oxidative stress can lead to the imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation in the body,resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS),causing damage to cells and tissues,inflammation and other diseases,affecting the growth and development of the body.Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant metal enzyme that exists in living organisms.It can catalyze superoxide anion radical (O₂^―) through disproportionation reaction,thereby eliminating excessive ROS in animals.Studies have found that SOD not only has a specific and high efficiency in antioxidant function,slows down the aging of the body,but also improves the intestinal health production performance of animals and regulates the immune function of the body to a certain extent.In the case of large-scale use of intensive livestock and poultry breeding and production machines,the damage caused by radiation to animals needs to be paid attention to.Effectively utilizing the anti-radiation function of SOD to alleviate or improve the impact of radiation on the body is worth further exploration.At present,the main additives for relieving oxidative stress of the body are vitamins,trace elements,plant extracts,etc.,while the use of SOD to relieve oxidative stress and improve production performance of animals is relatively few studies,mainly due to the high extraction cost,large molecular weight,easy inactivation of natural SOD.However,with the emergence of synthetic SOD,the cost of preparing SOD is reduced,and it has the characteristics of high activity and easy absorption of small molecules,which makes the application of SOD in livestock and poultry production gradually increase,and more potential of SOD can be tapped in the future,and SOD can be more widely used in animal production.In this paper,the physiological functions of SOD such as anti-oxidation,anti-aging,anti-inflammation,anti-radiation and regulating immunity were summarized,in order to provide more theoretical basis for the application of SOD in animal production.

Key words: superoxide dismutase (SOD); physiological function; animal production; application

中图分类号:

S816.7

江慧琼, 刘雅婷, 陈清华. 超氧化物歧化酶的生理功能及其在动物生产中的应用前景[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(3): 945-954.

JIANG Huiqiong, LIU Yating, CHEN Qinghua. Physiological Function of Superoxide Dismutase and Its Application Prospect in Animal Production[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(3): 945-954.

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