犬呼吸道感染情况调查与流行特征分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.12.044

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】了解犬呼吸道感染病原谱的组成和感染特点。【方法】本研究选取2022年来自中国18个省份动物诊疗机构的400例具有临床呼吸道症状的犬鼻拭子和口咽拭子样本，采用恒温核酸扩增芯片法对病例样本进行6种犬呼吸道病原体核酸检测，并利用统计学方法分析其在不同性别、不同季节、不同年龄、不同区域、不同品种间的差异。【结果】 400份样本中犬呼吸道病原体核酸总检出率为97.25%，犬副流感病毒(CPIV)检出率最高，为35.00%，其他依次为犬支原体(M.canis，31.00%)、犬呼吸道冠状病毒(CRCoV，28.50%)、犬瘟热病毒(CDV，18.50%)、支气管败血波氏杆菌(B.b，10.50%)和犬流感病毒(CIV，1.50%)。混合感染92例，混合感染率为23.00%，其中，二重感染77例，占混合感染病例的83.70%，以CPIV和犬支原体、CRCoV＋CPIV、CRCoV和犬支原体较为常见，阳性率分别为4.75%、4.25%和3.75%；三重感染12例，占混合感染病例的13.04%；四重感染2例，占混合感染病例的2.17%；五重感染1例，占混合感染病例的1.08%。经皮尔逊卡方检验，除CDV在不同年龄间差异显著(P＜0.05)外，其他5种呼吸道病原在不同性别、不同年龄、不同区域、不同品种间均差异不显著(P＞0.05)。【结论】犬呼吸道病原谱组成复杂，主要以CPIV、犬支原体、CRCoV、CDV、支气管败血波氏杆菌为主，且易发生混合感染，一年四季均可感染，秋冬季节尤为显著，应持续开展系统性、延续性研究，为精准防控犬呼吸道疾病提供科学依据。

关键词: 犬; 呼吸道感染; 病原谱; 流行特征

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to understand the composition and infection characteristics of the pathogen spectrum of respiratory tract infections in dogs.【Method】 This study selected 400 cases of canine nasal and oropharyngeal swab samples with clinical respiratory symptoms from animal diagnosis and treatment institutions in 18 provinces of China in 2022.The nucleic acid of 6 kinds of dog respiratory pathogens were detected by constant temperature nucleic acid amplification chip,and the characteristics of their different prevalence among different genders,different seasons,different ages,different regions and different breeds were analyzed.【Result】 The total detection rate of canine respiratory tract pathogen nucleic acid in 400 samples was 97.25%,and the detection rate of Canine parainfluenza virus (CPIV) was the highest 35.00%,followed by Mycoplasma canis (M.canis, 31.00%),Canine respiratory coronavirus (CRCoV,28.50%),Canine distemper virus (CDV,18.50%),Brodetella bronchiseptica (B.b,10.50%),and Canine influenza virus (CIV,1.50%).There were 92 cases of mixed infection,and the mixed infection rate was 23.00%,among which 77 cases were double infection,accounting for 83.70% of the mixed infection cases.CPIV＋M.canis,CRCoV＋CPIV and CRCoV＋M.canis were more common,the positive rates were 4.75%,4.25% and 3.75%,respectively.There were 12 cases of triple infection,accounting for 13.04% of mixed infection cases,2 cases of quadruple infection,accounting for 2.17% of mixed infection cases,and 1 case of quintuple infection,accounting for 1.08% of mixed infection cases.According to Pearson chi-square test,there were significant differences in CDV among different ages (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences among the other five respiratory pathogens in different sexes,different ages,different regions and different varieties (P＞0.05).【Conclusion】 The results showed that the composition of canine respiratory tract pathogen spectrum was complex,mainly composed of CPIV,M.canis,CRCoV,CDV and B.b,and it was easy to mixed infection,which could be infected all year around,especially in autumn and winter.Systematic and continuous research should be carried out to provide scientific basis for the accurate prevention and control of canine respiratory tract diseases.

Key words: dog; respiratory tract infection; pathogen spectrum; epidemic characteristics

中图分类号:

S858.292

鞠厚斌, 杨德全, 李鑫, 金季赜晓, 王建, 沈素芳, 杨显超, 葛杰, 朱九超, 沈海潇, 卢军, 唐文红, 吴秀娟, 唐燕婷, 盛文伟. 犬呼吸道感染情况调查与流行特征分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(12): 5577-5585.

JU Houbin, YANG Dequan, LI Xin, JIN Jizexiao, WANG Jian, SHEN Sufang, YANG Xianchao, GE Jie, ZHU Jiuchao, SHEN Haixiao, LU Jun, TANG Wenhong, WU Xiujuan, TANG Yanting, SHENG Wenwei. Investigation and Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of Canine Respiratory Tract Infection[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(12): 5577-5585.

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