葡萄籽原花青素对肉牛生长性能、血清生化指标及瘤胃内环境的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.12.017

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本试验旨在探究饲粮中添加不同水平葡萄籽原花青素(grape seed procyanidins,GSPs)对肉牛生长性能、表观消化率、血清生化指标和瘤胃内环境的影响。【方法】选取20头健康状况良好、体重在400 kg左右的12月龄西门塔尔公牛，随机分为4组，每组5个重复，每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮，试验组分别在基础饲粮中添加20(20 GSPs组)、40(40 GSPs组)和80 mg/kg(80 GSPs组)GSPs，预饲期15 d，试验期55 d。测定每头牛的初始体重、终末体重，记算平均日采食量和料重比；试验结束前3 d,采用全收粪法测定养分消化率；试验结束后，每头牛采集15 mL血液和50 mL瘤胃液,用于测定血清生化指标、瘤胃发酵参数及瘤胃16S rRNA基因序列。【结果】与对照组相比，①20 GSPs和40 GSPs组西门塔尔牛的终末体重显著提高(P＜0.05)；40 GSPs组西门塔尔牛的干物质表观消化率、中性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著增加(P＜0.05)；20 GSPs和40 GSPs组的粗蛋白质表观消化率显著增加(P＜0.05)。②40 GSPs组西门塔尔牛血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶、丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性显著降低(P＜0.05)；添加GSPs各组西门塔尔牛血清尿素氮含量均显著降低(P＜0.05)。③40 GSPs组西门塔尔牛血清总抗氧化能力显著提高(P＜0.05)；40 GSPs和80 GSPs组血清谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性显著升高(P＜0.05)。④80 GSPs组西门塔尔牛血清免疫球蛋白G和补体3水平显著增加(P＜0.05)；40 GSPs组血清补体3和补体4水平显著升高(P＜0.05)，而白细胞介素-6含量显著降低(P＜0.05)，80 GSPs组血清肿瘤坏死因子含量显著降低(P＜0.05)。⑤40 GSPs、80 GSPs组西门塔尔牛瘤胃液中丙酸含量显著升高(P＜0.05)；20 GSPs组瘤胃细菌Chao1指数显著提高(P＜0.05)；20 GSPs组瘤胃螺旋菌门(Spirochaetes)和梭菌属(Clostridium)的相对丰度显著增加(P＜0.05)；80 GSPs组瘤胃纤维杆菌门(Fibrobacteres)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)和螺旋菌门(Spirochaetes)相对丰度显著增加(P＜0.05)；40 GSPs和80 GSPs组瘤胃琥珀酸菌属(Succiniclasticum)相对丰度显著下降(P＜0.05)。【结论】饲料中添加40 mg/kg GSPs提高了西门塔尔牛的终末体重、血清免疫和抗氧化水平及瘤胃细菌多样性，改善了瘤胃菌群组成。

关键词: 肉牛; 葡萄籽原花青素; 生长性能; 血清生化指标; 瘤胃微生物

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of grape seed procyanidins (GSPs) on growth performance,nutrient digestion,serum biochemical indices and rumen environment of beef cattle.【Method】 Twenty Simmental bulls aged 12 months with good health and body weight of about 400 kg were randomly divided into 4 treatment groups with 5 replicates per group.The cattle in control group was fed a basal diet,in experimental groups was fed the basal diets supplemented with 20 mg/kg (20 GSPs group),40 mg/kg(40 GSPs group) and 80 mg/kg GSPs(80 GSPs group),respectively.The pre-feeding period was 15 days,and the normal test period was 55 days.The initial body weight and final body weight of each cattle were measured,and the average daily feed intake and feed to gain ratio were recorded.Three days before the end of experiment, the nutrient digestibility was measured using the full fecal collection method. After the experiment,15 mL of blood and 50 mL of rumen fluid were collected from each cattle for the determination of serum biochemical indexes,rumen fermentation parameters and rumen 16S rRNA gene sequence.【Result】 Compared with control group,①the final weight of Simmental cattle in 20 GSPs and 40 GSPs groups were significantly increased (P＜0.05).The apparent digestibility of dry matter and neutral detergent fiber in 40 GSPs group were significantly enhanced (P＜0.05),and crude protein apparent digestibility in 20 GSPs and 40 GSPs groups were significantly improved (P＜0.05).②The activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in 40 GSPs group were remarkably decreased (P＜0.05),serum urea nitrogen contents in all groups supplemented with GSPs were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).③The total antioxidant capacity in 40 GSPs group was significantly increased (P＜0.05),the serum glutathione peroxidase activity in 40 GSPs and 80 GSPs groups were significantly improved (P＜0.05).④Serum immunoglobulin G and complement 3 contents in 80 GSPs group were significantly increased (P＜0.05). The serum complement 3 and complement 4 contents were significantly increased (P＜0.05),while the serum interleukin-6 was significantly reduced (P＜0.05) in 40 GSPs group. The serum tumor necrosis factor was significantly decreased in 80 GSPs group (P＜0.05).⑤The propionic acid content of 40 GSPs and 80 GSPs groups were significantly enhanced (P＜0.05),the bacterial Chao1 index in 20 GSPs group were significantly increased (P＜0.05).The relative abundance of Spirochaetes and Clostridium in 20 GSPs group were significantly increased (P＜0.05).The relative abundance of Fibrobacteres,Actinobacteria and Spirochaetes in 80 GSPs group were significantly increased (P＜0.05),the relative abundance of Succiniclasticum in 40 GSPs and 80 GSPs groups were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 The supplementation of 40 mg/kg GSPs could increase the final body weight,serum immune and antioxidant levels and rumen bacterial diversity, and improve the composition of rumen microbial community of Simmental cattle.

Key words: beef cattle; grape seed proanthocyanidins; growth performance; serum biochemical index; rumen microorganism

中图分类号:

S816.7

马婧, 邓嘉菡, 王巨泽, 杨志梅, 李雪峰, 昝林森. 葡萄籽原花青素对肉牛生长性能、血清生化指标及瘤胃内环境的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(12): 5290-5301.

MA Jing, DENG Jiahan, WANG Juze, YANG Zhimei, LI Xuefeng, ZAN Linsen. Effects of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indices,and Rumen Environment of Beef Cattle[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(12): 5290-5301.

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