饲粮锌对高温应激雪山草鸡生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.11.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】评估不同形态和剂量的锌对高温应激环境中雪山草鸡生长性能、表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响，以期为高温环境下雪山草鸡的锌营养提供参考。【方法】试验采用2(锌源)×2(锌添加水平)两因子完全随机设计，2种锌源分别为无机硫酸锌和中等螯合强度蛋白锌，2种锌添加水平分别为30和60 mg/kg，共4个试验组；另设1个满足肉鸡锌需要量的对照组。选取320只61日龄雪山草鸡，随机分配到5个组中，每个处理8个重复，每个重复8只鸡。预试期7 d，正试期28 d，均在高温应激条件下进行。分别在试验第14(75日龄)和28(89日龄)天时采集饲料样、粪样和血样，用于测定肉鸡的生长性能、养分表观消化率和血清生化指标。【结果】 ①锌源、锌添加水平及两因子互作对高温应激肉鸡的生长性能均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。②与对照组相比，饲粮中添加锌显著提高了肉鸡粗蛋白质和粗脂肪的表观消化率(P＜0.05)。锌源对干物质的消化率有显著影响，在锌源主效应上，与饲粮中添加无机硫酸锌相比，添加中等螯合强度蛋白锌显著降低了高温应激肉鸡的干物质表观消化率(P＜0.05)。③与对照组相比，饲粮中添加锌显著提高了试验第14天时肉鸡血清中总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白含量(P＜0.05)，以及显著提高了试验第28天时肉鸡血清中总蛋白和白蛋白含量(P＜0.05)。锌源对试验第14天时肉鸡血清中总蛋白和白蛋白含量有显著影响(P＜0.05)；锌水平对试验第14天时肉鸡血清中总蛋白、白蛋白和球蛋白含量，以及试验第28天时肉鸡血清中总蛋白和白蛋白含量有显著影响(P＜0.05)；锌源×锌水平交互对试验第14天时肉鸡血清中总蛋白含量和试验第28天时肉鸡血清中白蛋白含量均有显著影响(P＜0.05)，其中饲粮中添加60 mg/kg中等螯合强度蛋白锌作用效果最佳。④在锌源、锌水平和锌源×锌水平互作效应上，饲粮中添加锌对高温应激肉鸡血清中谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。⑤与对照组相比，饲粮中添加锌显著提高了试验第14天时肉鸡血清中总胆固醇和高密度胆固醇含量，显著降低了试验第28天时肉鸡血清中总胆固醇和低密度胆固醇含量(P＜0.05)。锌水平对肉鸡血清中总胆固醇、高密度胆固醇和低密度胆固醇含量均有显著影响(P＜0.05)。【结论】在高温应激条件下，饲粮中添加锌虽然没有显著改善肉鸡的生长性能，但对肉鸡粗蛋白质和粗脂肪的表观消化率产生了显著影响，并对高温应激肉鸡血清蛋白质和脂代谢指标产生有益影响，有助于维持肉鸡生理功能的稳定性。

关键词: 锌; 高温应激; 雪山草鸡; 生长性能; 表观消化率; 血清生化指标

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to assess the effect of diverse forms and doses of zinc on the growth performance,apparent digestibility and serum biochemical indices of Xueshan broilers subjected to high-temperature stress conditions,so as to provide a reference for zinc nutrition of Xueshan broilers in high-temperature environments. 【Method】 The experiment employed a 2 (zinc sources)×2 (zinc supplementation levels) completely randomized factorial design.The 2 zinc sources were inorganic zinc sulphate and moderate chelated zinc proteinate,and 2 zinc supplementation levels were 30 and 60 mg/kg,resulting in a total of four experimental groups.In addition,a control group was established to meet the zinc requirement of broilers.A total of 320 61-day-old Xueshan broilers were randomly divided into five groups,with eight replicates per treatment and eight birds per replicate.The pre-trial period was 7 d,followed by a formal trial period of 28 d,both conducted under high-temperature stress conditions.Samples of feed,faeces and blood were collected on days 14 (75 days of age) and 28 (89 days of age) of experiment for determining the growth performance,apparent digestibility of nutrients and serum biochemical indices of broilers. 【Result】 ① The zinc source,zinc supplementation level and their interaction had no significant effect on the growth performance of broilers under high-temperature stress (P＞0.05).② Compared with control group,dietary zinc supplementation significantly increased the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fat in broilers (P＜0.05).The zinc source had a significant effect on the digestibility of dry matter.In the main effect of zinc source,the addition of moderate chelated zinc proteinate significantly decreased the apparent digestibility of dry matter in high-temperature stressed broilers compared with the addition of inorganic zinc sulfate (P＜0.05).③ Compared with control group,dietary zinc supplementation significantly increased the serum levels of total protein,albumin and globulin in broilers on days 14 of the experiment (P＜0.05),and significantly increased the serum levels of total protein and albumin in broilers on days 28 of the experiment (P＜0.05).The zinc source had a significant effect on serum total protein and albumin levels in broilers on days 14 of the experiment (P＜0.05).The zinc level had a significant effect on serum total protein,albumin and globulin levels on days 14,as well as total protein and albumin levels on days 28 of the experiment (P＜0.05).The interaction between zinc source and zinc level had a significant effect on serum total protein levels on days 14 and serum albumin levels on days 28 in broilers (P＜0.05).Among these,the addition of 60 mg/kg moderate chelated zinc proteinate in the diet showed the best effect.④ In the terms of zinc source,zinc level and their interaction,dietary zinc supplementation had no significant effect on the activities of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in high-temperature stressed broilers (P＞0.05).⑤ Compared with control group,dietary zinc supplementation significantly increased the serum levels of total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in broilers on days 14 of the experiment,and significantly decreased the serum levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in broilers on days 28 of the experiment (P＜0.05).The zinc level had a significant effect on the serum levels of total cholesterol,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in broilers (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Despite the absence of a notable effect on the growth performance in broilers under high-temperature stress conditions,dietary zinc supplementation demonstrated a substantial influence on the apparent digestibility of crude protein and crude fat in broilers.Additionally,it exhibited a favorable effect on serum protein and lipid metabolism indices in high-temperature stressed broilers,thereby contributing to the maintenance of physiological stability.

Key words: zinc; high-temperature stress; Xueshan broilers; growth performance; apparent digestibility; serum biochemical indices

中图分类号:

S816.72

孙鹏飞, 王晓涵, 胡云, 吴慧光, 赵静雯, 罗绪刚. 饲粮锌对高温应激雪山草鸡生长性能、营养物质表观消化率和血清生化指标的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(11): 4732-4742.

SUN Pengfei, WANG Xiaohan, HU Yun, WU Huiguang, ZHAO Jingwen, LUO Xugang. Effect of Dietary Zinc on Growth Performance,Apparent Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of High-temperature Stressed Xueshan Broilers[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(11): 4732-4742.

参考文献

[1] FARGHLY M F A,MAHROSE K M,GALAL A E,et al.Implementation of different feed withdrawal times and water temperatures in managing turkeys during heat stress[J].Poultry Science,2018,97(9):3076-3084.
[2] HU R,HE Y,AROWOLO M A,et al.Polyphenols as potential attenuators of heat stress in poultry production[J].Antioxidants (Basel),2019,8(3)67.
[3] MACK L A,FELVER-GANT J N,DENNIS R L,et al.Genetic variations alter production and behavioral responses following heat stress in 2 strains of laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2013,92(2):285-294.
[4] SAHIN K,SAHIN N,KUCUK O,et al.Role of dietary zinc in heat-stressed poultry:A review[J].Poultry Science,2009,88(10):2176-2183.
[5] KUCUK O,SAHIN N,SAHIN K.Supplemental zinc and vitamin A can alleviate negative effects of heat stress in broiler chickens[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2003,94(3):225-235.
[6] QUINTEIRO-FILHO W M,GOMES A V,PINHEIRO M L,et al.Heat stress impairs performance and induces intestinal inflammation in broiler chickens infected with Salmonella Enteritidis[J].Avian Pathology,2012,41(5):421-427.
[7] HIRAKAWA R,NURJANAH S,FURUKAWA K,et al.Heat stress causes immune abnormalities via massive damage to effect proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes in broiler chickens[J].Frontiers in Veterinary Science,2020,7:46.
[8] AWAD E A,NAJAA M,ZULAIKHA Z A,et al.Effects of heat stress on growth performance,selected physiological and immunological parameters,caecal microflora,and meat quality in two broiler strains[J].Asian-Australasian Journal Animal Science,2020,33(5):778-787.
[9] NAWAB A,IBTISHAM F,LI G,et al.Heat stress in poultry production:Mitigation strategies to overcome the future challenges facing the global poultry industry[J].Journal of Thermal Biology,2018,78:131-139.
[10] GOWALOCK D W,MAHAN D C,SAMUEL R S.Evaluating dietary adjustment and collection times for total tract digestibility of Ca,P,and the essential microminerals with grower swine[J].Journal of Animal Science,2016,94(8):3264.
[11] URQUHART N.Zinc contamination in a trace-element control serum[J].Clinical Chemistry,1978,24(9):1652-1653.
[12] STAR L,VAN DER KLIS J D,RAPP C,et al.Bioavailability of organic and inorganic zinc sources in male broilers[J]. Poultry Science,2012,91(12):3115-3120.
[13] MACDONALD R S.The role of zinc in growth and cell proliferation[J].Journal of Nutrition,2000,130(5):1500s-1508s.
[14] CHEN W,WANG S,ZHANG H X,et al.Optimization of dietary zinc for egg production and antioxidant capacity in Chinese egg-laying ducks fed a diet based on corn-wheat bran and soybean meal[J].Poultry Science,2017,96(7):2336-2343.
[15] MOHAMMADI V,GHAZANFARI S,MOHAMMADI-SANGCHESHMEH A,et al.Comparative effects of zinc-nano complexes,zinc sulphate and zinc-methionine on performance in broiler chickens[J].British Poultry Science,2015,56(4):486-493.
[16] CHANG Y,ZHANG Z,WU B,et al.Evaluating zinc glycine chelate in cherry valley ducks:Responses of growth performance,nutrient utilization,serum parameters,antioxidant status,meat quality and zinc accumulation[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2021,275:114875.
[17] ROMEO A,VACCHINA V,LEGROS S,et al.Zinc fate in animal husbandry systems[J].Metallomics,2014,6(11):1999-2009.
[18] CHANG Y,WANG K,WEN M,et al.Organic zinc glycine chelate is better than inorganic zinc in improving growth performance of Cherry Valley ducks by regulating intestinal morphology,barrier function,and the gut microbiome[J].Journal of Animal Science,2023,101:279.
[19] ABEDINI M,SHARIATMADARI F,KARIMI TORSHIZI M A,et al.Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on the egg quality,immune response,zinc retention,and blood parameters of laying hens in the late phase of production[J]. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition,2018,102(3):736-745.
[20] CHAND N,NAZ S,KHAN A,et al.Performance traits and immune response of broiler chicks treated with zinc and ascorbic acid supplementation during cyclic heat stress[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2014,58(10):2153-2157.
[21] RAO S V R,PRAKASH B,RAJU M V L N,et al.Effect of supplementing organic forms of zinc,selenium and chromium on performance,antioxidant and immune responses in broiler chicken reared in tropical summer[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2016,172(2):511-520.
[22] ZHU X,SHANG X,LIN G,et al.Effects of zinc glycinate on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes,and intestinal morphology of Yellow feather broilers[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2022,200(9):4089-4097.
[23] SAHIN K,KUCUK O.Zinc supplementation alleviates heat stress in laying Japanese quail[J].The Journal of Nutrition,2003,133(9):2808-2811.
[24] WANG Z,YU H,WU X,et al.Effects of dietary zinc pectin oligosaccharides chelate supplementation on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and tissue zinc concentrations of broilers[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2016,173(2):475-482.
[25] ONDERCI M,SAHIN N,SAHIN K,et al.Antioxidant properties of chromium and zinc:In vivo effects on digestibility,lipid peroxidation,antioxidant vitamins,and some minerals under a low ambient temperature[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2003,92(2):139-150.
[26] 赵润梅,史兆国,朱才业,等.锌源及锌水平对肉仔鸡血清生化指标的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2010,21:134-135.
ZHAO R M,SHI Z G,ZHU C Y,et al.Effects of different-sources zinc and zinc levels on serum biochemical index of broiler chicken[J].Hunan Agricultural Sciences,2010,21:134-135.(in Chinese)
[27] RAMIAH S K,ATTA AWAD E,HEMLY N I M,et al.Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on regulatory appetite and heat stress protein genes in broiler chickens subjected to heat stress[J].Journal of Animal Science,2020,98(10):300.
[28] SHAH M,ZANEB H,MASOOD S,et al.Single or combined applications of zinc and multi-strain probiotic on intestinal histomorphology of broilers under cyclic heat stress[J].Probiotics Antimicrobial Proteins,2020,12(2):473-480.
[29] HE X,LU Z,MA B,et al.Chronic heat stress damages small intestinal epithelium cells associated with the adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase pathway in broilers[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2018,66(28):7301-7309.
[30] LIAO X,LI A,LU L,et al.Optimal dietary zinc levels of broiler chicks fed a corn-soybean meal diet from 22 to 42 days of age[J].Animal Production Science,2013,53(5):388.
[31] ABUAJAMIEH M,ABDELQADER A,IRSHAID R,et al.Effects of organic zinc on the performance and gut integrity of broilers under heat stress conditions[J].Archives Animal Breeding,2020,63(1):125-135.
[32] SAS INSTITUTE.Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) [CP].Version 9.2.Cary:SAS Institute Inc,2008.
[33] LIU L,LI Q,YANG Y,et al.Biological function of short-chain fatty acids and its regulation on intestinal health of poultry[J].Frontiers in Veterinary Science,2021,8:736739.
[34] BARRETT N W,ROWLAND K,SCHMIDT C J,et al.Effects of acute and chronic heat stress on the performance,egg quality,body temperature,and blood gas parameters of laying hens[J].Poultry Science,2019,98(12):6684-6692.
[35] VANDANA G D,SEJIAN V,LEES A M,et al.Heat stress and poultry production:Impact and amelioration[J].International Journal of Biometeorology,2021,65(2):163-179.
[36] KIKUSATO M,XUE G,PASTOR A,et al.Effects of plant-derived is quinoline alkaloids on growth performance and intestinal function of broiler chickens under heat stress[J].Poultry Science,2021,100(2):957-963.
[37] HE X,LU Z,MA B,et al.Effects of chronic heat exposure on growth performance,intestinal epithelial histology,appetite-related hormones and genes expression in broilers[J].Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2018,98(12):4471-4478.
[38] LAGANÁ C,RIBEIRO A M L,KESSLER A,et al.Effect of the supplementation of vitamins and organic minerals on the performance of broilers under heat stress[J].Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science,2007,9:39-43.
[39] KWIECIE AN＇G M,WINIARSKA-MIECZAN A,MILCZAREK A,et al.Effects of zinc glycine chelate on growth performance,carcass characteristics,bone quality,and mineral content in bone of broiler chicken[J].Livestock Science,2016,191:43-50.
[40] RAJABI M,TORKI M.Effect of dietary supplemental vitamin C and zinc sulfate on productive performance,egg quality traits and blood parameters of laying hens reared under cold stress condition[J].Journal of Applied Animal Research,2021,49(1):309-317.
[41] SALEH A A,RAGAB M M,AHMED E A M,et al.Effect of dietary zinc-methionine supplementation on growth performance,nutrient utilization,antioxidative properties and immune response in broiler chickens under high ambient temperature[J].Journal of Applied Animal Research,2018,46(1):820-827.
[42] NAGALAKSHMI D,SRIDHAR K,SATYANARAYANA M,et al.Effect of replacing inorganic zinc with a lower level of organic zinc (zinc propionate) on performance,biochemical constituents,antioxidant,immune and mineral status in buffalo calves[J].Indian Journal of Animal Research,2018,52(9):1292-1297.
[43] DIBAIEE-NIA G,MR A,KARIMI S.Effects of supplemental zinc in a wheat-based diet on performance,intestinal viscosity,immune system and lipid peroxidation of 21-day old broiler chickens[J].Journal of Poultry Science,2017,5：7-15.
[44] SAHIN N,KUCUK O,ORHAN C,et al.Feeding zinc-biofortified wheat improves performance,nutrient digestibility,and concentrations of blood and tissue minerals in quails[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2022,200(8):3774-3784.
[45] LEE J,HOSSEINDOUST A,KIM K,et al.Improved growth performance,antioxidant status,digestive enzymes,nutrient digestibility and zinc bioavailability of broiler chickens with nano-sized hot-melt extruded zinc sulfate[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2022,200(3):1321-1330.
[46] DONG L,LI Y,ZHANG Y,et al.Effects of organic zinc on production performance,meat quality,apparent nutrient digestibility and gut microbiota of broilers fed low-protein diets[J].Scientific Reports,2023,13(1):10803.
[47] AI Q H,YAN J,MAI K S.Research progresses of lipids and fatty acids transport in fish[J].Acta Hydrobiological Sinica,2016,40(4):859-868.
[48] MASOUDI A,CHAJI M,BOJARPOUR M,et al.Effects of different levels of date pits on performance,carcass characteristics and blood parameters of broiler chickens[J].Journal of Applied Animal Research,2011,39(4):399-405.
[49] GHOLIZADEH H,TORKI M,MOHAMMADI H J V M,et al.Production performance,egg quality and some blood parameters of heat-stressed laying hens as affected by dietary supplemental Vit B₆,Mg and Zn[J].Journal of Veterinary Medical Science,2020,8(2):681-694.
[50] ZAKARIA H,JALAL M,AL-TITI H,et al.Effect of sources and levels of dietary zinc on the performance,carcass traits and blood parameters of broilers[J].Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola, 2017,19:519-526.
[51] ABD EL-HACK ME,ALAGAWANY M,ARIF M,et al.Organic or inorganic zinc in poultry nutrition:A review[J]. World’s Poultry Science Journal,2017，73(4):904-915.
[52] ANDREINI C,BANCI L,BERTINI I,et al.Zinc through the three domains of life[J].Journal of Proteome Research,2006,5(11):3173-3178.
[53] OZER E K,GOKTAS M T,KILINC I,et al.Celecoxib administration reduced mortality,mesenteric hypoperfusion,aortic dysfunction and multiple organ injury in septic rats[J].Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, 2017,86:583-589.
[54] MOHAMED A S A,ABD EL LATIF M A,HUSSEIN E A M,et al.Efficacy of dietary supplementation with zinc-chromium mixture,organic selenium,or their combinations on growth performance,carcass traits,and blood profiles of broilers under heat stress conditions[J].Animals (Basel),2023,13(15):2539.
[55] MISHRA A,SWAIN R,MISHRA S K,et al.Growth performance and serum biochemical parameters as affected by nano zinc supplementation in layer chicks[J].Indian Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2014,31:384-388.
[56] XU C,HUANG Z,LIU L,et al.Zinc regulates lipid metabolism and MMPs expression in lipid disturbance rabbits[J]. Biological Trace Element Research,2015,168(2):411-420.
[57] LUO J,SONG J,LIU L,et al.Effect of epigallocatechin gallate on growth performance and serum biochemical metabolites in heat-stressed broilers[J].Poultry Science,2018,97(2):599-606.