单细胞转录组测序技术在精子发生研究中的应用进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.10.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 精子发生是在哺乳动物睾丸内通过一系列细胞分化和发育，最终形成精子的过程，在时间和空间上具有高度异质性。随着生物信息学的不断更新与发展，以往研究大多依赖于对各种细胞类型的RNA进行分析。然而，从睾丸中分离每一种细胞类型是非常大的挑战，因此在转录组水平上对于不同类型的睾丸生殖细胞的研究相对较少。近年来，由于科技的进步和发展，单细胞转录组测序 (scRNA-Seq)技术已推出多种测序平台，其使用范围和场景不断扩大，在神经、肿瘤、免疫、生长发育和疾病等领域广泛应用，研究对象主要涉及人、模式生物及家畜。该技术可高效捕获睾丸内单个细胞，进行高通量测序分析，获取其转录组水平信息，精细描述其细胞类型，揭示细胞异质性，并推测其发育轨迹。目前，scRNA-Seq已经开始从家畜生殖细胞的角度对家畜精子发生相关机制进行更深入的探究，以此进一步研究家畜精子发生的相关过程。因此，作者在阐述scRNA-Seq技术方法的基础上，总结论述了其在牛、羊和猪等家畜精子发生领域中的应用进展，为家畜精子发生的研究提供理论基础。

关键词: 单细胞转录组测序; 精子发生; 家畜

Abstract: Spermatogenesis is a highly heterogeneous process in time and space that occurs in the mammalian testis through a series of cellular differentiation and development，culminating in the formation of spermatozoa. With the continuous updating and development of bioinformatics，most previous studies have relied on the analysis of RNA from various cell types. However，isolating each cell type from the testis is very challenging，and therefore relatively few studies have been conducted on different types of testicular germ cells at the transcriptome level. In recent years，due to the progress and development of science and technology，single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq) has introduced a variety of sequencing platforms，and its scope of use and scenarios continue to expand，with a wide range of applications in the fields of neurology，oncology，immunity，growth and development and disease，and the research objects are mainly related to human，model organisms and domestic animals. This technology can efficiently capture individual cells in the testis for high-throughput sequencing analysis to obtain their transcriptome-level information，finely characterize their cell types，reveal their cellular heterogeneity，and infer their developmental trajectories. Currently，scRNA-Seq has begun to explore the mechanisms related to spermatogenesis in livestock from the perspective of livestock germ cells，so as to further study the processes related to spermatogenesis in livestock. Currently，scRNA-Seq has begun to explore the mechanisms of spermatogenesis in livestock from the perspective of livestock germ cells，so as to further study the process of spermatogenesis in livestock. Therefore，based on the description of scRNA-Seq technology，the author summarizes and discusses its application and research progress in the field of spermatogenesis in domestic animals such as cattle，sheep and swine，so as to provide a theoretical basis for the study of spermatogenesis in domestic animals.

Key words: single-cell transcriptome sequencing; spermatogenesis; domestic animal

中图分类号:

S814.8

马媛, 金昊延, 王娜娜, 李颀菡, 张令锴. 单细胞转录组测序技术在精子发生研究中的应用进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(10): 4400-4409.

MA Yuan, JIN Haoyan, WANG Nana, LI Qihan, ZHANG Lingkai. Progress in the Application of Single-cell Transcriptome Sequencing Technology in Spermatogenesis[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(10): 4400-4409.

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