牛子宫微生物构成与疾病关系

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.11.033

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目前牛繁殖障碍是影响养牛业发展的重要因素之一。子宫是孕育新生命的核心场所，子宫微生态失衡不仅可损害子宫内膜功能，而且影响卵巢功能，从而导致不孕，对畜牧业经济造成巨大损失。近期研究发现，牛子宫内存在微生物群，除了正常菌群外还含有病原菌和条件致病菌，这些微生物会随着牛不同生长周期和不同临床状况而动态变化。诱发牛繁殖疾病的病原微生物主要包括细菌、真菌和病毒，其通过感染上皮细胞或分泌有毒代谢产物破坏生殖道稳态，而正常微生物群可通过与免疫系统相互作用阻止病原微生物定植，从而保持生殖道微生态平衡。因此，微生物群对牛生产繁殖有着重要影响。虽然目前影响微生物群变化因素的相关研究还不够深入，但已有试验证实激素、健康状况及环境等因素都对牛子宫微生物丰度与多样性造成不同影响。笔者通过对比健康和患病牛子宫微生物构成，并分析了子宫微生物失衡因素，从而为预防与治疗牛子宫相关疾病提供参考依据。

关键词: 牛; 子宫; 微生物; 致病菌; 生殖道

Abstract: At present, cattle reproduction barrier is one of the important factors affecting the development of cattle industry.The uterus is the heart of new life.Uterine microecological imbalance can not only damage endometrial function, but also affect ovarian function, leading to infertility and causing huge losses to animal husbandry economy.Recent studies have found that there is a microbial community in bovine uterus, which contains pathogenic bacteria and opportunistic bacteria in addition to the normal flora, and these microorganisms will dynamically change with different growth cycles and different clinical conditions of cattle.The pathogenic microorganisms inducing bovine reproductive diseases mainly include bacteria, fungi and viruses, which destroy the homeostasis of the reproductive tract by infecting epithelial cells or secreting toxic metabolites.The normal microbiota can maintain the microecological balance of the reproductive tract by interacting with the immune system to prevent the colonization of pathogenic microorganisms.Therefore, microbiota plays an important role in cattle production and reproduction.Although the research on the factors affecting the changes of microbiota is not deep enough, it has been confirmed that hormones, health status, and environmental factors have different effects on the abundance and diversity of microorganisms in bovine uterus.The author compared the microbial composition of healthy and diseased bovine uterus, and further analyzed the factors of uterine microbial imbalance, so as to provide reference basis for the prevention and treatment of bovine uterine related diseases.

Key words: cattle; uterus; microbe; pathogenic bacteria; reproductive tract

中图分类号:

S858.23

张超楠, 索朗曲吉, 高腾云, 孙宇. 牛子宫微生物构成与疾病关系[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(11): 4655-4663.

ZHANG Chaonan, SUO Langquji, GAO Tengyun, SUN Yu. Relationship Between Microbial Composition and Disease in Bovine Uterus[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(11): 4655-4663.

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