关键词: 乳牛; 隐性乳房炎; 组学; 遗传物质; 生物标志物

Abstract: Mastitis is the most common disease in dairy cows and can be caused by a number of factors.Due to the absence of obvious clinical signs during the development of subclinical mastitis status,it can result in more economic losses.In order to reduce the losses as more as possible,the appropriate approaches should be adopted to prevent subclinical mastitis.However,the traditional detection methods are limited in their ability to fully explain the mechanisms.The advances in bioinformatics have enabled the use of omics techniques to gain insight into the pathogenesis of subclinical mastitis and the resistance mechanisms of the cows.Metabolomics can reflect the nutritional status of the body,the effects of drugs and environmental pollutants,and other external factors,so it can be used to explain the pathologic changes in subclinical mastitis.Proteomics can analyze the expression of all proteins in the cells of diseased dairy cows and elucidate their properties and structural functions,providing potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis.The genome can examine the association between information like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and trait of interest,enabling the localization of relevant genes.Transcriptomics can detect all RNA expression in a cell,tissue or organism under specific circumstances and physiological conditions.Epigenomics can alter gene expression without altering DNA sequences,thus acting as a regulator of traits.In order to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of subclinical mastitis and the resistance mechanisms of the dairy cows better,this paper reviewed the progresses of omics techniques regarding subclinical mastitis dairy cows,so as to provide references for further exploration of subclinical mastitis in the future.

Key words: dairy cows; subclinical mastitis; omics; genetic material; biomarkers