北京地区泌乳牛夏季鼓膜温度昼夜节律及影响因素研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.09.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】试验旨在揭示北京地区荷斯坦泌乳牛鼓膜温度的群体特征及其随昼夜和环境温湿度指数（temperature-humidity index，THI）的变化规律，探究中度热应激下泌乳牛鼓膜温度的影响因素及其与直肠温度的关系。【方法】 2021年8月对北京地区某规模化牧场638头荷斯坦泌乳牛的鼓膜温度、直肠温度及环境温湿度进行测定，并对其进行描述性统计；对161头荷斯坦泌乳牛6 h鼓膜温度和直肠温度进行相关性分析；利用混合线性模型分析THI、测定时间、胎次、泌乳阶段和繁殖状态等因素对鼓膜温度和直肠温度的影响。【结果】北京地区荷斯坦泌乳牛夏季鼓膜平均温度为（39.01±0.40）℃；测定时间内THI为76.11~83.18，此时泌乳牛处于中度热应激。泌乳牛鼓膜温度昼夜变化较大，昼夜节律表现为上午低、下午和傍晚均较高且在早晨和下午出现不正常峰值，鼓膜温度的变化滞后于THI变化。鼓膜温度与直肠温度呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05，r＝0.35），且两种体温均随着THI的升高而升高，回归系数分别为0.09（P<0.05，R²=0.09）和0.10（P<0.05，R²=0.08）。测定时间和胎次对泌乳牛鼓膜温度有显著影响（P<0.05），胎次和泌乳阶段对泌乳牛直肠温度有显著影响（P<0.05），且THI对两部位温度的回归均显著（P<0.05）。【结论】本研究揭示了奶牛体温的节律变化和影响因素，鼓膜温度可有效反映奶牛实时体温，可为精细化管理牛群提供理论依据。

关键词: 泌乳牛; 鼓膜温度; 直肠温度; 昼夜节律

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objectives of current study were to reveal the population characteristics of tympanic temperature in lactating cows and its change with temperature-humidity index (THI).Further, the influence factors of tympanic temperature and its correlation with rectal temperature under moderate heat stress were investigated.【Method】 The records of tympanic temperature, rectal temperature, as well as environmental temperature and humidity were measured from 638 Holstein dairy cows from Beijing in August, 2021.Descriptive statistics of tympanic temperature, rectal temperature and THI were summarized.Then the correlations between 6 h tympanic temperature and rectal temperature in 161 Holstein dairy cows were analyzed.Finally, a linear mixed model was employed to test the significances of effects, such as collecting time, parity, lactation stage, and reproductive status on tympanic temperature and rectal temperature.【Result】 In Beijing, the average tympanic temperature of Holstein cows in summer was 39.01 ℃±0.40 ℃ under moderate heat stress (THI was 76.11 to 83.18) during the measurement time.Under this circumstance, tympanic temperature was differed between day and night, and when THI changed, it showed a slight delay.To be specific, tympanic temperature was lowest in the forenoon and stay heated in the afternoon and nightfall, with 2 abnormal peak values in the morning and afternoon.The tympanic temperature and rectal temperature were significantly correlated (P<0.05, r=0.35).In addition, tympanic temperature and rectal temperature rose gradually with THI increasing, and the regression coefficients of tympanic temperature and rectal temperature on THI were 0.09 (P<0.05, R²=0.09) and 0.10 (P<0.05, R²=0.08), respectively.Collecting time and parity had significant effects on tympanic temperature, while parity and lactation stage significantly affected rectal temperature (P<0.05).THI had significant regression on both tympanic temperature and rectal temperature of lactating cows (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 The results of current study revealed the rhythmic changes and influencing factors of cow body temperature.The tympanic temperature could effectively reflect the real-time body temperature of lactating cows, which provided a theoretical basis for the fine management of farm.

Key words: lactating cow; tympanic temperature; rectal temperature; circadian rhythms

中图分类号:

Q494

许静漪, 罗汉鹏, 付琪, 胡羽飏, 段禹交, 黄思琪, 周月玲, 杨桐桐, 张亚一, 郭刚, 刘巧香, 王雅春. 北京地区泌乳牛夏季鼓膜温度昼夜节律及影响因素研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(9): 3362-3371.

XU Jingyi, LUO Hanpeng, FU Qi, HU Yuyang, DUAN Yujiao, HUANG Siqi, ZHOU Yueling, YANG Tongtong, ZHANG Yayi, GUO Gang, LIU Qiaoxiang, WANG Yachun. Circadian Rhythm and Influencing Factors of Tympanic Temperature in Lactating Cows in Summer in Beijing[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(9): 3362-3371.

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