饲粮不同代谢能水平对20~22周龄雄性雉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.10.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】旨在探究20~22周龄雄性雉鸡适宜代谢能水平,为科学饲养雉鸡、提高生产效率提供数据参考。【方法】选取20周龄、体重相近的健康雄性雉鸡160只,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复8只鸡,采用单因素试验设计,各组饲粮代谢能水平分别为11.30、11.72、12.14和12.56 MJ/kg,预试期5 d,正试期16 d,测定雉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质。【结果】饲粮代谢能水平对雉鸡平均日增重有极显著影响(P＜0.01),对雉鸡屠宰率、全净膛率和腿肌率,以及胸肌粗蛋白质含量有显著影响(P＜0.05),对雉鸡脏器系数均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。11.72和12.14 MJ/kg组雉鸡平均日增重极显著高于11.30 MJ/kg组(P＜0.01),显著高于12.56 MJ/kg组(P＜0.05);12.56 MJ/kg组雉鸡屠宰率和全净膛率显著高于其余各组(P＜0.05);11.72 MJ/kg组腿肌率显著高于11.30和12.14 MJ/kg组(P＜0.05);12.14和12.56 MJ/kg组雉鸡胸肌粗蛋白质含量显著高于11.30 MJ/kg组(P＜0.05)。以平均日增重为估测指标,经一元二次回归模型分析,得出此时期雄性雉鸡饲粮适宜代谢能水平为11.98 MJ/kg。【结论】在本试验条件下,20~22周龄雄性雉鸡饲粮适宜代谢能水平为11.98~12.56 MJ/kg。

关键词: 代谢能; 雄性雉鸡; 生长性能; 脏器系数; 屠宰性能; 肌肉化学成分

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to explore the appropriate metabolic energy levels of 20-22 weeks old male pheasants,providing data reference for scientific breeding of pheasants and improving production efficiency.【Method】 A total of 160 healthy male pheasants at 20 weeks of age with similar weight were randomly divided into 4 groups,each group was set up with 5 replicates,each replicate was 8 chickens,and the dietary metabolic energy levels of each group were 11.30,11.72,12.14 and 12.56 MJ/kg,respectively,with a pre-trial period of 5 days and a positive trial period of 16 days.The growth performance,slaughter performance,and meat quality of pheasants were measured.【Result】 The level of dietary metabolic energy affected the average daily gain (P＜0.01),the slaughter rate,total purification rate and leg muscle rate,and the crude protein content of pectoral muscle (P＜0.05),while had no significant effect on the organ index of pheasants (P＞0.05).The average daily gain of 11.72 and 12.14 MJ/kg group were higher than that of 11.30 (P＜0.01) and 12.56 MJ/kg group (P＜0.05).The slaughter rate and total purification rate of pheasants in the 12.56 MJ/kg group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P＜0.05),and the leg muscle rate in the 11.72 MJ/kg group was higher than that in 11.30 and 12.14 MJ/kg group (P＜0.05).The crude protein content of pectoral muscle in 12.14 and 12.56 MJ/kg group were higher than that in 11.30 MJ/kg group (P＜0.05).Using the average daily gain as the estimation indicator,the optimal metabolic energy level for male pheasants during this period was to be 11.98 MJ/kg through a univariate quadratic regression model analysis.【Conclusion】 In summary,under the conditions of this experiment,the suitable metabolic energy level of male pheasants during 20-22 weeks old was 11.98-12.56 MJ/kg.

Key words: metabolic energy; male pheasant; growth performance; organ index; slaughtering performance; muscle chemical composition

中图分类号:

S815.1

孙伟丽, 陈丽红, 刘可园, 付曦瑶, 李光玉. 饲粮不同代谢能水平对20~22周龄雄性雉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(10): 3959-3966.

SUN Weili, CHEN Lihong, LIU Keyuan, FU Xiyao, LI Guangyu. Effects of Dietary Metabolic Energy Level on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Male Pheasants During 20-22 Weeks Old[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(10): 3959-3966.

参考文献

[1] 李启军,宋超,邢秀梅,等.我国家养雉鸡养殖现状分析[J].中国家禽,2017,39(3):62-65. LI Q J,SONG C,XING X M,et al.Analysis of the status quo of pheasant breeding in our country[J].China Poultry,2017,39(3):62-65.(in Chinese)
[2] 吴琼,孙艳发,夏李意,等.不同雉鸡肌肉营养成分分析和评价[J].动物营养学报,2020,32(1):148-159. WU Q,SUN Y F,XIA L Y,et al.Analysis and evaluation of nutritional components in muscle of different pheasants[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2020,32(1):148-159.(in Chinese)
[3] 王峰,葛明玉,刘学庆,等.雉鸡肉质化学成分的对比分析——几项常规成分和矿物质元素[J].特产研究,1996,1:45-47. WANG F,GE M Y,LIU X Q,et al.Comparative analysis of the chemical composition of pheasant meat-Several conventional components and mineral elements[J].Special Wild Economic Animal and Plant Research,1996,1:45-47.(in Chinese)
[4] 熊家军.特种经济动物生产学[M].2版.北京:科学出版社,2018. XIONG J J,Special Economic Animal Production Science[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Science Press,2018.(in Chinese)
[5] WU Y B,TANG J,XIE M,et al.Effects of dietary energy and methionine on growth performance and carcass traits of growing Pekin ducks from 15 to 42 days of age[J]. Poultry Science,2019,98(11):5870-5875.
[6] JAHANIAN R,ASHNAGAR M.Effects of dietary supplementation of choline and carnitine on growth performance,meat oxidative stability and carcass composition of broiler chickens fed diets with different metabolisable energy levels[J]. British Poultry Science,2018,59(4):470-476.
[7] MASSUQUETTO A,PANISSON J C,SCHRAMM V G,et al.Effects of feed form and energy levels on growth performance,carcass yield and nutrient digestibility in broilers[J]. Animal,2020,14(6):1139-1146.
[8] 陈丽红,赵梦迪,刘可园.13~17周龄雄性雉鸡饲粮适宜代谢能水平研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2022,49(8):2943-2952. CHEN L H,ZHAO M D,LIU K Y,et al.Study on optimum dietary metabolizable energy level of male pheasants from 13 to 17 weeks of age[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2022,49(8):2943-2952. (in Chinese)
[9] CLASSEN H L.Diet energy and feed intake in chickens[J].Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,233:13-21.
[10] RICHARDS M P,PROSZKOWIEC-WEGLARZ M.Mechanisms regulating feed intake,energy expenditure,and body weight in poultry[J]. Poultry Science,2007,86(7):1478-1490.
[11] MAHARJAN P,HILTON K M,MULLENIX G,et al.Effects of dietary energy levels on performance and carcass yield of 2 meat-type broiler lines housed in hot and cool ambient temperatures[J].Poultry Science,2021,100(3):100885.
[12] LEESON S,SUMMERS J D,CASTON L.Growth response of immature brown-egg strain pullets to varying nutrient density and lysine[J]. Poultry Science,1993,72(7):1349-1358.
[13] MIKULSKI D,JANKOWSKI J,MIKULSKA M,et al.Effects of dietary probiotic (Pediococcus acidilactici) supplementation on productive performance,egg quality,and body composition in laying hens fed diets varying in energy density[J]. Poultry Science,2020,99(4):2275-2285.
[14] VAN EMOUS R A,KWAKKEL R P,VAN KRIMPEN M M,et al.Effects of dietary protein levels during rearing and dietary energy levels during lay on body composition and reproduction in broiler breeder females[J]. Poultry Science,2015,94(5):1030-1042.
[15] WHITE D,ADHIKARI R,WANG J,et al.Effects of dietary protein,energy and β-mannanase on laying performance,egg quality,and ileal amino acid digestibility in laying hens[J]. Poultry Science,2021,100(9):101312.
[16] 王清峰,陈胜昌,乔艳龙,等.1~4周龄织金白鹅能量和粗蛋白需要量研究[J].中国家禽,2017,39(2):60-63. WANG Q F,CHEN S C,QIAO Y L et al.Research on energy and protein requirement for 1-4 weeks Zhijin goose[J].China Poultry,2017,39(2):60-63.(in Chinese)
[17] 李琴,陈明君,彭祥伟.饲粮粗蛋白质和代谢能水平对4~8周龄四川白鹅生产性能和氮平衡的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(1):67-75. LI Q,CHEN M J,PENG X W.Effects of dietary crude protein and metabolizable energy levels on performance and nitrogen balance of Sichuan White geese aged from 4 to 8 weeks[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2015,27(1):67-75.(in Chinese)
[18] VAN KRIMPEN M M,BINNENDIJK G P,OGUN M A,et al.Responses of organic housed laying hens to dietary methionine and energy during a summer and winter season[J]. British Poultry Science,2015,56(1):121-131.
[19] 罗欢,陈胜昌,乔艳龙,等.5~10周龄织金白鹅能量和粗蛋白需要量的研究[J].饲料工业,2016,37(10):43-46. LUO H,CHEN S C,QIAO Y L,et al.Research on energy and protein requirement for 5-10 weeks Zhijin goose[J]. Feed Industry,2016,37(10):43-46.(in Chinese)
[20] COZANNET P,DAVIN R,JLALI M,et al.Dietary metabolizable energy,digestible lysine,available phosphorus levels and exogenous enzymes affect broiler chicken performance[J]. Animal,2021,15(5):100206.
[21] 钟观新,翟周,杨讯业,等.日粮不同能量水平对麒麟母鸡生长性能与体尺性状的影响及其相关性分析[J].饲料研究,2021,44(12):51-54. ZHONG G X,ZHAI Z,YANG X Y,et al.Effect of different energy levels on growth performance,body size traits and correlation analysis in Frizzle hens[J]. Feed Research,2021,44(12):51-54.(in Chinese)
[22] 陈玉芹,赵成法,杨秀娟,等.武定鸡日粮适宜代谢能和粗蛋白质水平的研究[J].中国家禽,2016,38(1):25-31. CHEN Y Q,ZHAO C F,YANG X J,et al.Study on appropriate dietary metabolic energy and crude protein level in Wuding chicken[J]. China Poultry,2016,38(1):25-31.(in Chinese)
[23] 郑瑞,王馨悦,马秋刚,等.日粮代谢能水平对"京红1号"商品代蛋鸡育成期(10~16周龄)生长性能的影响[J].饲料研究,2017(23):24-27. ZHENG R,WANG X Y,MA Q G,et al.Effects of dietary metabolizable energy levels on growth performance of Jinghong No.1 commercial layer in finishing period (10-16 week)[J]. Feed Research,2017(23):24-27.(in Chinese)
[24] 雷秋霞,李福伟,刘玮,等.不同能量和蛋白质水平对沂蒙鸡公鸡9~14周龄生产性能的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2019,24:32-36. LEI Q X,LI F W,LIU W,et al.Effects of dietary metabolizable energy and crude protein on growth performance of Yimeng male chicken aged from 9 to 14 weeks[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2019,24:32-36.(in Chinese)
[25] 孙利亚,汪勇,袁鹏程,等.不同能量与蛋白水平对0~4周龄四川白鹅生长性能的影响[J].中国家禽,2014,36(22):50-52. SUN L Y,WANG Y,YUAN P C,et al.Effects of dietary metabolizable energy and crude protein on growth performance of Sichuan White geese aged from 0 to 4 weeks[J].China Poultry,2014,36(22):50-52.(in Chinese)
[26] 马明,周中艳,方福平,等.饲料代谢能水平和形态对褐壳蛋种鸡生长性能及消化道发育的影响[J].中国饲料,2019,8:27-31. MA M,ZHOU Z Y,FANG F P,et al.Effects of different metabolism energy levels and feed forms on growth performance and development of digestive traits of brown eggshell pullets[J]. China Feed,2019,8:27-31.(in Chinese)
[27] 王惠影,刘毅,龚绍明,等.日粮能蛋水平对罗曼鹅生产、屠宰性能和养分消化率的影响[J].上海农业学报,2017,33(4):107-111. WANG H Y,LIU Y,GONG S M,et al.Effect of energy and protein levels on the growth performance,slaughter performance and nutrient digestibility of Roman goose[J]. Acta Agriculturae Shanghai,2017,33(4):107-111.(in Chinese)
[28] 熊忙利,邢蕾.不同日粮能量水平对肉仔鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2020,4:52-53. XIONG M L,XING L.Effect of different dietary energy levels on growth performance and slaughter performance of broilers[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2020,4:52-53.(in Chinese)
[29] 吕铭翰,丁雪梅,白世平,等.1~28日龄二郎山山地鸡饲粮适宜的代谢能和粗蛋白质水平[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(9):2530-2541. LYU M H,DING X M,BAI S P,et al.Optimal levels of dietary metabolic energy and crude protein for Erlang mountain chicken aged from 1 to 28 days[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2014,26(9):2530-2541.(in Chinese)
[30] WEN Z G,RASOLOFOMANANA T J,TANG J,et al.Effects of dietary energy and lysine levels on growth performance and carcass yields of Pekin ducks from hatch to 21 days of age[J]. Poultry Science,2017,96(9):3361-3366.
[31] 张蒙,李强,刘平,等.5~9周龄大午粉1号商品代蛋雏鸡对饲粮能量和蛋白质的需要量研究[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(7):2529-2540. ZHANG M,LI Q,LIU P,et al.Study on dietary energy and protein requirements of Dawufen No.1 commercial layer chicks aged 5 to 9 week[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(7):2529-2540.(in Chinese)
[32] 陈明君,刘万红,何德超,等.能量和粗蛋白水平对9~10周龄四川白鹅屠宰性能的影响研究[J].中国家禽,2016,38(16):28-32. CHEN M J,LIU W H,HE D C,et al.Effects of dietary crude protein and metabolizable energy on slaughter performance of Sichuan White goose aged from 9 to 10 weeks[J].China Poultry,2016,38(16):28-32.(in Chinese)
[33] 官丽辉,刘海斌,张立永,等.日粮不同能量水平对育成鸡营养物质代谢及肌肉品质的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2014,34(3):511-516. GUAN L H,LIU H B,ZHANG L Y,et al.Effect of different metabolizable energy in diet on nutrient metabolism and meat quality of Saibei silkies[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science,2014,34(3):511-516.(in Chinese)
[34] 蒋守群,王薇薇,阮栋,等.1~28日龄慢速型黄羽肉公鸡饲粮代谢能需要量研究[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(3):1103-1110. JIANG S Q,WANG W W,RUAN D,et al.Metabolizable energy requirement for slowly-growing Yellow-feathered male chickens from 1 to 28 days of age[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(3):1103-1110.(in Chinese)
[35] 冯凯玲,蒋启东,董泽敏,等.夏季不同能量和蛋白水平对30~60日龄麻鸭物质代谢率、血清生化指标和肌肉成分的影响[J].中国家禽,2014,36(5):24-30. FENG K L,JIANG Q D,DONG Z M,et al.Effects of dietary ME and CP level on utilization,serum biochemical indexes and muscle composition for shelduck at 30 to 60 days of age in summer[J].China Poultry,2014,36(5):24-30.(in Chinese)