哺乳期幼驼与成年母驼粪便菌群多样性分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.01.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究准噶尔双峰驼哺乳期幼驼和成年母驼粪便菌群结构组成及多样性变化，为幼驼肠道健康发育提供重要依据。【方法】选取6~7岁体况相近的健康成年母驼12峰，以及出生日期相近（3月龄）的哺乳期母幼驼12峰，母驼与幼驼在相同饲养环境下饲养。采用直肠取粪法采集粪样，用于粪便内容物细菌16S rDNA的V3-V4区测序，并对测序数据进行相应分析。【结果】母驼粪便菌群Chao1和Shannon指数均显著高于幼驼（P<0.05）；在门水平上，母驼和幼驼粪便中位于前十的菌均为厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、疣微菌门、变形菌门、软壁菌门、螺旋体门、TM7、放线菌门、蓝藻菌门和纤维杆菌门，其中幼驼粪便中变形菌门和软壁菌门丰度均极显著高于母驼（P<0.01）；在科水平上，母驼与幼驼粪便中位于前十的菌均为瘤胃球菌科、消化链球菌科、毛螺菌科、梭菌科、克里斯滕森菌科、理研菌科、疣微菌科、拟杆菌科、艰难杆菌科和普雷沃氏菌科，其中母驼粪便中消化链球菌科和梭菌科的丰度均极显著高于幼驼（P<0.01），而幼驼粪便中毛螺菌科的丰度极显著高于母驼（P<0.01）；在属水平上，母驼与幼驼粪便中位于前十的菌属均为梭菌属、颤螺旋菌属、瘤胃球菌属、梭菌科-梭菌属、阿克曼菌属、5-7 N15、CF231、苏黎世杆菌属、梭菌科-SMB53和密螺旋体菌属，其中母驼粪便中的梭菌属、梭菌科-梭菌属和苏黎世杆菌属的丰度均极显著高于幼驼（P<0.01）。【结论】成年母驼粪便菌群多样性显著高于哺乳期幼驼，且稳定性较好；母驼和幼驼的粪便在门、科、属水平下的主导菌属种类均一致，但是丰度均存在差异。

关键词: 哺乳期幼驼; 成年母驼; 粪便; 菌群多样性

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this experiment was to explore the structural composition and diversity of fecal flora in young suckling and adult female camels, and provide an important basis for healthy development of young camels.【Method】 12 adult female camels with 6-7 years old and similar physical condition, and 12 young suckling female camels with similar birth date (3 months old) were selected.The fresh fecal samples were collected by rectal fecal sampling method for V3-V4 region sequencing of 16S rDNA of fecal microbiota, and the sequencing data were analyzed accordingly.【Result】 The Chao1 and Shannon indexes of fecal flora in adult female camels were significantly higher than that of young suckling camels (P<0.05).At phylum levels, the top 10 bacteria in feces of adult female and young suckling camels were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia, Proteobacteria, Tenericutes, Spirochaetes, Saccharibacteria, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Fibrobacteres.But the abundance of Proteobacteria and Tenericutes in feces of young suckling camels were extremely significantly higher than that of adult female camels (P<0.01).At family levels, the top 10 bacteria in feces of adult female and young suckling camels were Ruminococcaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Clostridiaceae, Christensenellaceae, Rikenellaceae, Verrucomicrobiaceae, Bacteroidaceae, Mogibacteriaceae and Paraprevotellaceae, and the abundance of Peptostreptococcaceae and Clostridiaceae in feces of adult female camels were extremely significantly higher than that of young suckling camels (P<0.01), while the abundance of Lachnospiraceae in feces of young suckling camels was extremely significantly higher than that of adult female camels (P<0.01).At genus levels, the top 10 bacteria in feces of adult female and young suckling camels were Clostridium, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, Clostridiaceae_Clostridium, Akkermansia, 5-7 N15, CF231, Turicibacter, Clostridiaceae-SMB53 and Treponema, and the abundance of Clostridium, Clostridiaceae_Clostridium and Turicibacter in feces of adult female camels were extremely significantly higher than that of young suckling camels (P<0.01).【Conclusion】 The fecal flora diversity of adult female camels was significantly higher than that of young suckling camels, and show more stability.The dominant species of bacteria in feces of adult female and young suckling camels were consistent at the levels of phylum, family and genus, but there were difference in abundance.

Key words: young suckling camels; female adult camels; feces; microbial diversity

中图分类号:

S824.5

王家豪, 王静, 袁鹏, 李志伟, 耿娟, 王卉, 李凤鸣, 臧长江. 哺乳期幼驼与成年母驼粪便菌群多样性分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(1): 97-105.

WANG Jiahao, WANG Jing, YUAN Peng, LI Zhiwei, GENG Juan, WANG Hui, LI Fengming, ZANG Changjiang. Diversity Analysis of Fecal Flora in Young Suckling Camels and Adult Female Camels[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(1): 97-105.

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