育肥猪粪便菌群结构及其与生长速度的相关性分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.03.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究育肥猪的生长速度与粪便微生物之间的作用关系，寻找与猪生长速度相关的微生物菌群。【方法】选取50头出生重相近的仔猪，在相同饲养环境中进行饲养管理，生病猪及时转出试验组，125日龄时按体重由高到低排序，把体重最高和最低的4头猪分别分为体重高（51.30 kg±2.57 kg，HW）、低（36.90 kg±2.50 kg，LW）组，通过16S rRNA测序，对125日龄生长育肥猪的粪便微生物区系多样性、群落组成及与生长速度的关联性进行分析。【结果】 Alpha多样性分析显示，两组间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。主成分分析结果显示，HW和LW组中能够明显区分菌群结构。粪便微生物结构组成分析表明，HW和LW组的优势菌门均为厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和螺旋体门，优势菌属为密螺旋体属、乳杆菌属、链球菌属和未被培养菌属Muribaculaceae菌。LW组中拟杆菌门丰度极显著高于HW组（P<0.01），纤维杆菌门丰度显著高于HW组（P<0.05），而髌骨细菌门丰度显著低于HW组（P<0.05）。对粪便微生物结构组成进行差异分析发现，HW组检测到16个特有菌门，LW组检测到1个特有菌门和24个特有菌属。将肠道菌群与生长速度进行相关性分析，共发现10个菌门，18个属与体重（BW）和平均日增重（ADG）呈正相关，7个菌门和12个属与BW和ADG呈负相关。【结论】相同日龄不同生长速度的猪粪便微生物的区系结构存在显著差异，差异菌群可能对猪的生长速度起到了一定的调控作用，本研究结果为研发益生菌和提高猪生长速度提供了参考依据。

关键词: 猪; 粪便微生物; 生长速度; 16S rRNA测序

Abstract: 【Objective】 To study the relationship between the growth rate of growing finishing pigs and fecal microbiota, and find the microbial flora related to the growth characteristics of pigs.【Method】 50 piglets with similar birth weights were selected and carried out feeding and management in the same feeding environment, and transfered sick pigs to the experimental group in time.At the age of 125 days, 4 pigs with the highest and lowest body weight were divided into high body weight (51.30 kg±2.57 kg, HW) and low body weight (36.90 kg±2.50 kg, LW) groups.The fecal microflora diversity, colony composition and correlation with growth rate of 125-day-old growing finishing pigs were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing.【Result】 Alpha diversity analysis showed that there was no significant difference between HW and LW groups (P>0.05).PCA results showed that it could clearly distinguish the flora structure in HW and LW groups.The analysis of the structure and composition of fecal microbiota showed that the dominant phyla in HW and LW groups were Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Spirochaetes, and the dominant genus were Treponema_2, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and uncultured_bacterium_f_Muribaculaceae.The abundance of Bacteroides and Fibrobacteres in LW group was extremely significantly or significantly higher than that in HW group (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and Patescibacteria was significantly lower than that in HW group (P<0.05).The difference analysis of the fecal microbial structure and composition showed that 16 unique bacteria phyla were detected in HW group, 1 unique phyla and 24 unique genera were detected in LW group.The resuts of the correlation between intestinal flora and growth rate showed that 10 bacterial phyla and 18 genera were positively correlated with body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG), 7 bacteria phyla and 12 genera were negatively correlated with BW and ADG.【Conclusion】 There were significant differences in the flora of pig fecal microbiota with different growth rates at the same age, and the different flora might have a certain regulatory effect on the growth rate of pigs.This results could provide a reference for the development of probiotics and the improvement of the growth rate of growing pigs.

Key words: pigs; fecal microbiota; growth rate; 16S rRNA sequencing

中图分类号:

S816.3

姜长津, 陈云, 潘鹏丞, 陈宝剑, 关志惠, 卢慧林, 谢炳坤, 覃兆鲜. 育肥猪粪便菌群结构及其与生长速度的相关性分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(3): 924-931.

JIANG Changjin, CHEN Yun, PAN Pengcheng, CHEN Baojian, GUAN Zhihui, LU Huilin, XIE Bingkun, QIN Zhaoxian. Fecal Microflora Structure and Its Correlation with Growth Rate in Finishing Pigs[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(3): 924-931.

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