断奶前马驹与母马粪便菌群多样性分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.04.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验旨在探究断奶前马驹和母马粪便菌群多样性，为丰富此阶段马驹肠道菌群多样性提供依据。选取5匹5岁（2胎）、平均体重（453.34±54.23）kg、健康的纯血马母马，以及母马所生的5匹马驹，出生日期相近（±5 d），平均体重（185.65±9.54）kg，3公2母。母马和马驹在相同环境下饲养，母马日粮组成及营养水平相同，马驹除哺乳外采食的粗饲料和精料补充料相同。马驹6月龄断奶，在断奶前1周用灭菌收粪袋采集母马和马驹的粪便样品。结果显示，母马粪便中菌群α多样性Chao1和ACE指数显著高于马驹（P < 0.05），分别比马驹高18.94%和15.62%；母马与马驹共有的菌种数为1 399个，母马与马驹特有的菌种数分别为150和68个；在门水平，母马与马驹粪便中排在前十的菌分别是厚壁菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、广古菌门、疣微菌门、螺旋体菌门、Unidentified_Bacteria、纤维杆菌门和无壁菌门，母马粪便中厚壁菌门丰度显著高于马驹（P < 0.05）；拟杆菌门母马比马驹高33.93%，差异不显著（P > 0.05）。由此可见，母马粪便菌群多样性显著高于断奶前马驹；母马与断奶前马驹粪便主要菌是厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和变形菌门，母马粪便中厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门丰度均高于断奶前马驹。

关键词: 断奶前马驹; 母马; 粪便菌群; 多样性

Abstract: This experiment was aimed to study the diversity of fecal flora on pre-weaning foal and mare,and provide a basis for enriching the diversity of the intestinal flora of foal.The test selected five thoroughbred mares with similar age of 5-year-old,2-foetus,the average body weight (453.34±54.23) kg healthy mare,and their five foals with similar birth dates(±5 d),the average body weight (185.65±9.54) kg,three males and two females.All horses were kept in the same environment.The same composition and nutrient levels of the mares feeding.The roughage and concentrate supplements purchased by the horses were the same except for breastfeeding.The foals were weaned at 6 months of age.The results showed as followed:Alpha diversity index of Chao1 and ACE in the feces of mares were significantly increased by 18.94% and 15.62% than that of the foals (P < 0.05),respectively.The total number of species shared by mares and foals was 1 399,and the unique species of mares and foals were 150 and 68,respectively.At the phylum level,the top 10 bacteria found in the feces of mares and foals were Firmicutes,Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Actinobacteria,Euryarchaeota,Verrucomicrobia,Spirochaetes,Unidentified_Bacteria,Tenericutesin and Firmicutes abundance in feces of mares was significantly higher than that of foals (P < 0.05).The Bacteroides in feces of mares was 33.93% higher than that of foals,but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05).In conclusion,the diversity of fecal flora was significantly higher than that of pre-weaning foals.Firmicutes,Bacteroides and Proteobacteria were the main bacteria in the feces of mare and pre-weaning foals,and the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroides in feces of mare was higher than that of the pre-weaning foals.

Key words: pre-weaning foal; mare; fecal flora; diversity

中图分类号:

S821

李晓斌, 李海, 臧长江, 李超, 黄新新, 马利鑫, 李佳豪, 黄金龙, 李凤鸣. 断奶前马驹与母马粪便菌群多样性分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(4): 1050-1057.

LI Xiaobin, LI Hai, ZANG Changjiang, LI Chao, HUANG Xinxin, MA Lixin, LI Jiahao, HUANG Jinlong, LI Fengming. Diversity Analysis of Fecal Flora on Pre-weaning Foal and Mare[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(4): 1050-1057.

参考文献

[1] 张瑞阳,孟玲,李方方,等.包被丁酸钠对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清生化指标、养分表观消化率和粪便微生物菌群的影响[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(5):2296-2302. ZHANG R Y,MENG L,LI F F,et al.Effects of coated sodium butyrate on growth performance,serum biochemical indices,nutrient apparent digestibility and fecal microflora population of weaning piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(5):2296-2302.(in Chinese)
[2] 马露,刘文慧,阿拉腾珠拉,等.外源添加短链脂肪酸调控断奶前犊牛胃肠道健康发育潜在功能和机制[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(6):2465-2470. MA L,LIU W H,ALATENGZHULA,et al.Potential functions and mechanisms of exogenous addition short chain fatty acids regulated gastrointestinal tract healthy development of calves before weaning[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(6):2465-2470.(in Chinese)
[3] MONTAGNE L,BOUD Y G,AVIER C,et al.Main intestinal markers associated with the changes in gut architecture and function in piglets after weaning[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2007,97:45-57.
[4] WIJTTEN P J,VANDER M J,VERSTEGEN M W.Intestinal barrier function and absorption in pigs after weaning:A review[J].British Journal of Nutrition,2011,105:967-981.
[5] MOESER A J,KLOK C V,RYAN K A,et al.Stress signaling pathways activated by weaning mediate intestinal dysfunction in the pig[J].American Journal of Physiology Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology,2007,292(1):173-181.
[6] JULLIAND V,DE VAUX A,VILLARD L,et al.Preliminary studies on the bacterial flora of faeces taken from foals,from birth to twelve weeks.Effect of the oral administration of a commercial colostrum replacer[J].Pferdeheilkunde,1996,12(3):209-212.
[7] 黄小流,颜小星,张童童,等.马齿苋多糖对早期断奶大鼠生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道形态的影响[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(5):1773-1780. HUANG X L,YAN X X,ZHANG T T,et al.Effects of polysaccharides from Portulaca oleracea L.on growth performance,serum biochemical indices and intestinal morphology of early-weaned rats[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(5):1773-1780.(in Chinese)
[8] 冯宝宝,方伟,赵国琦,等.屎肠球菌SF68对断奶仔猪腹泻率、肠道发育及组织形态的影响[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(2):940-948. FENG B B,FANG W,ZHAO G Q,et al.Effects of Enterococcus faecium SF68 on diarrhea rate,intestinal development and morphology of weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(2):940-948.(in Chinese)
[9] BLASER M J,FALKOW S.What are the consequences of the disappearing human microbiota[J].Nat Publishing Group,2009,7:887-889.
[10] GLINSKY M,SMITH R M,SPIRES H R,et al.Measurement of volatile fatty acid production rates in the cecum of the pony[J].Journal of Animal Science,1976,42(6):1465-1470.
[11] JASSIM A R,ANDREWS F M.The bacterial community of the horse gastrointestinal tract and its lation to fermentative acidosis,aminitis,colic and stomach ulcers[J].The Veterinary clinics of North America Equine practice,2009,25(2):199-215.
[12] BORDIN A I,SUCHODOLSKI J S,MARKEL M E,et al.Effects of administration of live or inactivated virulent Rhodococcus equi and age on the fecal microbiome of neonatal foals[J].PLoS One,2013,8(6):e66640.
[13] COSTA M C,ARROYO L G,ALLEN-VERECO E,et al.Comparison of the fecal microbiota of healthy horses and horses with colitis by high throughput sequencing of the v3-v5 region of the 16S rRNA gene[J].PLoS One,2012,7(7):e41484.
[14] DOUGAL K,LA FUENTE DE G,HARRIS P A,et al.Identification of a core bacterial community within the large intestine of the horse[J].PLoS One,2013,8(10):e77660.
[15] O'DONNELL M M,HARRIS H M B,JEFFERY I B,et al.The core faecal bacterial microbiome of Irish Thoroughbred racehorses[J].Letters in Applied Microbiology,2013,57(6):492-550.
[16] COSTA M C,STÄMPFLI H R,ALLEN-VERCOE E,et al.Development of the faecal mirobiota in foals[J].Equine Veterinary Journal,2016,48(6):681-688.
[17] KDBLUK C,AMES T,GEOR R.The Horse:Diseases and Clinical Management[M].Philadelphia:W.B.Saunders,1995.
[18] CROWELL-DAVIS S L,HOUPT K,CARNEVALE J.Feeding and drinking behavior of mares and foals with free access to pasture and water[J].Journal of Animal Science,1985,60(4):883-889.
[19] COSTA M C,STAMPFLI H R,ARROYO L G,et al.Changes in the equine fecal microbiota associated with the use of systemic antimicrobial drugs[J].BMC Veterinary Research,2015,11(1):19-31.
[20] WEESE J S,HOLCOMBE S J,EMBERTSON R M,et al.Changes in the faecal microbiota of mares precede the development of post partum colic[J].Equine Veterinry Journal,2015,47(6):641-649.
[21] PROUDMAN C J,HUNTER J O,DARBY A C,et al.Characterisation of the faecal metabolome and microbiome of Thoroughbred racehorses[J].Equine Veterinary Journal,2015,47(5):580-586.
[22] BRULC J M,ANTONOPOULOS D A,MILLER M E,et al.Gene-centric meagenomics of the fiber-adherent bovine rumen microbiome reveals forage specific glycoside hydrolases[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2009,106(6):1948-1953.
[23] LOOFT T,ALLEN H K,CANTAREL B L,et al.Bacteria,phages and pigs:The effects of in-feed antibiotics on the microbiome at different gut locations[J].The International Society for Microbial Ecology Journal,2014,8(8):1566-1576.
[24] 贺美玲,王纯洁,贾知锋,等.高通量测序分析Nisin对腹泻小鼠肠道菌群的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2018,49(9):2015-2024. HE M L,WANG C J,JIA Z F,et al.The effect of Nisin on intestinal flora in diarrheal mice analyzed by high-throughput sequencing[J].Acta Veterinaria et Zootechnica Sinica,2018,49(9):2015-2024.(in Chinese)
[25] FLINT H J,BAYERE E A.Plant cell wall breakdown by anaerobic microorganisms from the Mammalian digestive tract[J].Annals of The New York Academy of Sciences,2008,1125:280-288.
[26] 李晓斌,赵国栋,刘振,等.3~6月龄伊犁马肠道微生物群落多样性的研究[J].动物营养学报,2017,29(5):1535-1544. LI X B,ZHAO G D,LIU Z,et al.A study on intestinal microbiota diversity of 3-to 6-month-old Yili horses[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2017,29(5):1535-1544.(in Chinese)