应用高通量测序技术分析青海牦牛引进山东后瘤胃菌群的变化

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.07.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验旨在探讨不同的饲养环境及日粮结构对牦牛瘤胃菌群结构的影响，应用高通量测序技术分析了青海牦牛引进山东后的瘤胃菌群变化情况。结果表明，青海牦牛瘤胃液可见物种（Observed species）及Chao1指数（Chao1 index）与引进牦牛瘤胃液相比差异极显著（P<0.01），ACE指数差异显著（P<0.05）；青海牦牛菌群丰度显著高于引进牦牛，说明青海牦牛引进山东后瘤胃菌群丰度发生了显著变化，而引进前后牦牛瘤胃液香浓指数（Shannon index）以及辛普森指数（Simpson index）差异不显著（P>0.05），说明青海牦牛引进山东后瘤胃菌群多样性未显著改变。测序数据表明，牦牛瘤胃液中丰度较高的菌群依次是拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门、变形菌门、疣微菌门、互养菌门、软壁菌门、纤维杆菌门；青海牦牛引进山东后菌群结构比例变化显著的门是浮霉菌门和装甲菌门（P<0.05），变化显著的属是颤杆菌克属和帕匹杆菌属（P<0.05）。数据分析得出，拟杆菌和理研菌科在青海牦牛瘤胃液中起重要作用，而普雷沃氏菌科、琥珀酸弧菌科和产气单胞菌在引进山东牦牛瘤胃液中起主要的作用，推测饲养环境及日粮结构的改变导致了瘤胃菌群及其相关功能的改变。本研究为地域和日粮结构的变化对牦牛瘤胃菌群结构的影响提供了理论依据。

关键词: 高通量测序; 牦牛; 瘤胃菌群; 菌群多样性

Abstract: In order to study the influence of environment and diets on the rumen microflora,the study applied high throughput sequencing technology to analyze the change of Qinghai yak rumen bacterium group after their introduction to Shandong.The results showed that the difference between the Observed species and Chao1 index of Qinghai yak tumor gastric juice and that of Shandong were extremely significant (P<0.01),the ACE index was significantly different(P<0.05).It indicated that bacteria abundance of Qinghai yak rumen microflora was significantly higher than that of Shandong.The shannon index and simpson index showed no significant difference (P>0.05),which indicated that there was no significant change in bacteria diversity of yaks rumen microflora between migration after and before.The bacteria with higher abundance in yak rumen fluid came successively as Bacteroidetes,Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Verrucomicrobia,Tenericutes,Fibrobacteres.After the migration,Planctomycetes and Armatimonadetes,Oscillibacter and Papillibacter,were among those significantly changed phyla and genera (P<0.05),in terms of composition and proportion.According to the analysis of sequencing,bacteroidetes and Unidentified _Rikenellaceae played an important role in Qinghai yaks rumen liquid,while Prevotellaceae,Succinivibrionaceae and Aeromonadales were crucial part in that of Shandong yaks.Changes in the environment and diet could lead to changes in rumen microflora and related functions.This study provided a theoretical basis for environment and diet affected changes in the yak's rumen microflora structure.

Key words: high-throughput sequencing; yak; rumen microflora; bacteria diversity

中图分类号:

王云洲, 陈凤梅, 张万明, 郭建强, 马朝银, 胡士林. 应用高通量测序技术分析青海牦牛引进山东后瘤胃菌群的变化[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(7): 2013-2024.

WANG Yunzhou, CHEN Fengmei, ZHANG Wanming, GUO Jianqiang, MA Chaoyin, HU Shilin. High Throughput Sequencing Analyzed Changes in the Yak Rumen Microflora after Qinghai Yaks Introduced to Shandong[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(7): 2013-2024.

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