外泌体对动物肠道健康的影响及其研究方法

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.02.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在无抗养殖的大背景下, 动物的肠道健康问题愈加引起关注。肠道是机体消化吸收营养物质的主要器官, 也是防止肠道微生物侵袭的先天屏障, 肠道屏障功能的完整性对机体的正常生长发育起着至关重要的作用。外泌体是一种内源性调节物质, 可作为解决肠道健康问题的切入点。外泌体是由多种类型细胞分泌的纳米级细胞外囊泡, 其广泛分布于各种体液中, 可携带蛋白质、核酸、脂质等生物活性物质, 它们参与细胞之间的传递、细胞的迁移和增殖等进程, 在机体的生理和病理过程中发挥作用。近期研究表明, 外泌体可通过调节肠道菌群的组成、诱导小肠干细胞的增殖, 修复动物的肠道屏障功能。作者梳理了近年来外泌体对畜禽肠道健康影响及外泌体的研究方法, 为后续相关研究提供参考。

关键词: 肠道; 外泌体; 生物学功能

Abstract: In the context of non-resistant breeding, the intestinal health of animals has attracted more and more attention.The intestinal tract is the main organ for digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as the innate barrier to prevent intestinal microbial invasion.The integrity of the intestinal barrier function plays a crucial role in the normal growth and development of the body.Exosome is an endogenous regulatory substance that can be used as a starting point to solve intestinal health problems.Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by various types of cells, which are widely distributed in various body fluids and can carry bioactive substances such as proteins, nucleic acids and lipids.They participate in cell-to-cell transmission, cell migration and proliferation and play a role in physiological and pathological processes of the body.Recent studies have shown that exosomes can repair the intestinal barrier function of animals by regulating the composition of intestinal flora and inducing the proliferation of intestinal stem cells.In this paper, the effects of exosomes on intestinal health of livestock and poultry in recent years and the research methods of exosomes are reviewed and summarized to provide reference for subsequent studies.

Key words: intestinal; exosomes; biological function

中图分类号:

S813.1

魏文焯, 梁振华, 吴艳, 刘静波, 皮劲松, 张昊. 外泌体对动物肠道健康的影响及其研究方法[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(2): 579-586.

WEI Wenzhuo, LIANG Zhenhua, WU Yan, LIU Jingbo, PI Jinsong, ZHANG Hao. Effects of Exosomes on Animal Intestinal Health and Its Research Methods[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(2): 579-586.

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