lncRNA作为竞争性内源分子的作用机制及研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.10.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 竞争性内源RNA （competing endogenous RNA，ceRNA）假说提出具有相同短序列非编码微小（microRNA，miRNA）应答元件（microRNA response element，MRE）的转录物通过竞争的方式结合miRNA，从而影响转录物的表达水平。ceRNA假说颠覆了miRNA与靶基因单向调控的传统观念，在RNA调控网络中具有重要的生物学意义。在众多转录物中，长链非编码RNA （long non-coding RNA，lncRNA）是一类序列长度超过200个核苷酸的非编码RNA，对lncRNA的研究涉及到遗传、分子生物、基因调控、疾病（癌症、神经系统疾病等）等领域。miRNA与lncRNA形成了一个相互作用的调控网络，lncRNA可作为ceRNA抑制miRNA的功能，从而影响后续基因的表达。近年来，随着生物信息学技术的发展，科研人员发现ceRNA作用机制不仅涉及到人类癌症疾病，而且在各种复杂动物的肌细胞分化、脂肪细胞分化和颗粒细胞凋亡等生物过程中也发挥重要的调控作用。作者追溯了ceRNA调控机制，分析了ceRNA网络调控的影响因素，综述了ceRNA在不同动物中调控miRNA的研究进展，为进一步研究lncRNA与miRNA的调控网络提供参考，为畜牧业发展及复杂动物疾病治疗提供新的思路。

关键词: 长链非编码RNA; 竞争性内源RNA; 微小RNA; 微小RNA反应元件

Abstract: The competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) hypothesis suggests that transcripts with the same microRNA (miRNA) response element (MRE) bind to the miRNA in a competitive manner, thereby affecting the expression levels of transcripts. The ceRNA hypothesis subverts the traditional concept of one-way regulation between miRNA and target genes, and has great biological significance in RNA regulatory networks. Among many transcripts, long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a class of non-coding RNA with a sequence length of more than 200 nucleotides. The study of lncRNA involves in genetics, molecular biology, gene regulation, diseases (cancer, neurological diseases, etc. ) and other fields. miRNA and lncRNA form an interactive regulatory network, and lncRNA can be used as ceRNA to inhibit the function of miRNA, thereby affecting the expression of subsequent genes. In recent years, with the development of bioinformatics technology, researchers have found that the mechanism of ceRNA is not only related to human cancer diseases, but also plays an important regulatory role in the biological processes of muscle cell differentiation, adipocyte differentiation and granulosa cell apoptosis in various complex animals. The author reviewed the regulation mechanism of ceRNA, analyzed the influencing factors of ceRNA network regulation, and reviewed the research progress of lncRNA as ceRNA regulating miRNA in different animals, so as to provide reference for further research on the regulation network of lncRNA and miRNA, and provide new ideas for the development of animal husbandry and complex animal disease treatment.

Key words: long non-coding RNA; competing endogenous RNA; microRNA; microRNA response element

中图分类号:

Q527

刘梦馨, 杜双杨, 杨京沧, 黄娴雅, 郭宇兵, 李滢硕, 郭凯军, 曹素英. lncRNA作为竞争性内源分子的作用机制及研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(10): 3604-3613.

LIU Mengxin, DU Shuangyang, YANG Jingcang, HUANG Xianya, GUO Yubing, LI Yingshuo, GUO Kaijun, CAO Suying. Mechanism and Research Progress of lncRNA as Competitive Endogenous Molecules[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(10): 3604-3613.

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