不同时期鸽乳营养水平及生理活性物质动态变化分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.09.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验通过测定不同日龄乳鸽嗉囊中鸽乳外观品质、能量蛋白质浓度、消化酶活性、免疫球蛋白水平及生长因子浓度，分析这些指标在乳鸽不同日龄的动态变化，旨在为系统了解乳鸽营养与生理需求提供理论依据。随机选择0、7、14、21、28日龄健康白羽王鸽乳鸽各12只，待亲鸽哺喂后屠宰，取出其嗉囊全部内容物。一部分用生理盐水稀释后取上清，用于消化酶活、免疫球蛋白及生长因子的测定；另一部分制成风干样用于常规营养水平的检测。结果显示，0日龄鸽乳外观呈乳白色油性奶酪样，7日龄鸽乳为奶酪样鸽乳和饲料的混合物，14日龄之后逐渐过渡为软化的饲料。日龄对鸽乳的能值和蛋白质浓度均有显著影响（P<0.05），0日龄鸽乳的能值和蛋白质浓度显著高于后期鸽乳（P<0.05），7日龄后，鸽乳能值和蛋白质浓度趋于平缓。不同时期鸽乳的淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶和糜蛋白酶活性差异显著（P<0.05），且均随日龄增加呈一次线性上升（P<0.05）。不同时期鸽乳的免疫球蛋白A （IgA）、免疫球蛋白M （IgM）和免疫球蛋白G （IgG）水平均有显著差异（P<0.05），且均先下降后上升，与日龄呈二次曲线关系（P<0.05）。不同时期鸽乳中胰岛素生长因子-1（IGF-1）和表皮生长因子（EGF）浓度差异显著（P<0.05），且均先下降后上升，与日龄呈二次曲线关系（P<0.05）。0~7日龄鸽乳以亲鸽嗉囊黏膜上皮细胞的脱落物与细胞碎片为主，能量、蛋白质、免疫因子和生长因子均处于最高水平；8~14日龄鸽乳能量和蛋白质浓度趋于平缓，免疫因子和生长因子降至最低；15~28日龄鸽乳营养水平与亲鸽饲粮相似，且乳鸽消化能力逐渐增强。

关键词: 鸽乳; 营养水平; 免疫球蛋白; 生长因子

Abstract: In this experiment, the appearance quality, energy and protein concentrations, digestive enzyme activitties, immunoglobulin levels and growth factor concentrations of pigeon milk in squabs at different periods were determined, and the dynamic changes of these factors at different days were analyzed, so as to provide theoretical basis for systematically understanding the nutritional and physiological needs of squabs. Twelve healthy White King pigeons aged 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days were randomly selected respectively. After being fed by parent pigeons, squabs were slaughtered and all contents of their crops were taken out. One part was diluted with normal saline, then the supernatant was isolated for the determination of digestive enzyme activity, immunoglobulin activity and growth factor concentration. The other part was made into air-dried samples for detection of routine nutrient levels. The results showed that:The pigeon milk of 0-day-old showed a milky, oily, cheesy-like appearance, and it was a mixture of cheesy-like crop milk and feed at 7-day-old. After 14 days of age, the pigeon milk was gradually transformed into softened feed. The energy and protein concentrations of pigeon milk were affected by age significantly (P<0.05), and they were significantly higher at 0-day-old than those in later periods (P<0.05). The energy and protein concentrations of pigeon milk after 7 days of age were very similar. The activities of amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin in pigeon milk at different periods were significantly different (P<0.05), and showed a linear increasing relationship (P<0.05). The levels of immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in pigeon milk at different periods had significant differences (P<0.05), and showed a quadratic curve relationship that first decrease and then increase (P<0.05). The levels of insulin growth factor-1(IGF-1) and epidermal growth factor(EGF) in pigeon milk at different periods were significantly different (P<0.05), and showed a significant trend of decreasing first and then increasing (P<0.05). In conclusion, during 0-7 days, the exfoliation and cell debris of the mucosa epithelial cells from the parents’ were the main contents of pigeon milk, and the energy, protein, immune factors and growth factors were at the highest levels. From 8-14 days, the energy and protein levels of pigeon milk tended to be flat, while the immune factors and growth factors decreased to the minimum. The nutrients levels of pigeon milk of squabs from 15 to 28 days were similar to the feed of parent pigeons, and the digestive capacity of squabs gradually increased.

Key words: pigeon milk; nutrients levels; immunoglobulin; growth factor

中图分类号:

S836

常玲玲, 汤青萍, 刘佳佳, 张蕊, 付胜勇, 穆春宇, 卜柱. 不同时期鸽乳营养水平及生理活性物质动态变化分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(9): 3215-3222.

CHANG Lingling, TANG Qingping, LIU Jiajia, ZHANG Rui, FU Shengyong, MU Chunyu, BU Zhu. Analysis on Dynamic Changes of Nutrient Levels and Physiological Active Substances in Pigeon Milk at Different Periods of Squabs[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(9): 3215-3222.

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