复方中药发酵液对肉鸡大肠杆菌病的防治效果及免疫调节作用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.11.032

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验旨在研究复方中药发酵液对肉鸡大肠杆菌病的防治效果及免疫调节作用。选择健康1日龄AA白羽肉鸡240羽，分别进行大肠杆菌O78半数致死剂量和复方中药发酵液对大肠杆菌病的防治试验。在28日龄评价治疗效果，并在28、42日龄分别检测免疫器官指数、抗氧化指标和肠道菌群等指标。结果显示，经过植物乳杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌等菌株发酵后的复方中药发酵液能够将大肠杆菌的感染时间由4 h延迟至24 h，高剂量组（1.0 g/mL）、中剂量组（0.5 g/mL）、抗生素组（硫酸新霉素）有效率分别为80.0%、76.7%和80.0%，治愈率分别为80.0%、70.0%和70.0%；高剂量组与感染组和抗生素组相比，28日龄时胸腺指数分别提高了165.6%（P<0.05）、25.4%（P>0.05），法氏囊指数分别提高了82.6%和94.3%（P<0.05），42日龄时胸腺指数分别提高了97.4%和82.0%（P<0.05），法氏囊指数分别提高了43.4%和27.5%（P<0.05），28、42日龄时抗氧化指标T-AOC、TP含量及GSH-Px、T-SOD活性差异显著（P<0.05），能够显著提高肠道内乳酸菌含量，降低大肠杆菌含量（P<0.05）。综上，中剂量组（0.5 g/mL）复方中药发酵液抗菌效果明显，能够替代抗生素，高剂量组（1.0 g/mL）复方中药发酵液对肉鸡其他指标明显优于抗生素。

关键词: 复方中药发酵液; 大肠杆菌; 肉鸡; 疗效; 抗氧化指标; 肠道菌群; 免疫调节

Abstract: This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the fermented traditional Chinese medicine on treating colibacillosis and immune regulation in chickens.240 healthy 1-day-old AA White-feathered broilers were selected to carry out the control test of Escherichia coli O78 LD₅₀ and compound Chinese medicine fermentation broth on colibacillosis.The therapeutic effect was evaluated at 28 days old,and the immune organ index,antioxidant index and intestinal flora were measured at 28 and 42 days old.The results showed that the infection time of Escherichia coli was delayed from 4 to 24 h after the treatment of fermentation liquid of traditional Chinese medicine fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum and Bacillus subtilis.The effective rates of high dose group (1.0 g/mL),medium dose group (0.5 g/mL) and antibiotic group (neomycin sulfate) were 80.0%,76.7% and 80.0%,and the cure rates were 80.0%,70.0% and 70.0%,respectively.Compared with infection and antibiotic groups,the thymus index and bursa index in high dose group at 28 days old were increased by 165.6%(P<0.05),25.4%(P>0.05) and 82.6%(P<0.05),94.3% (P<0.05),respectively.The thymus index and bursa index at 42 days old were increased by 97.4%,82.0% and 43.4%,27.5% (P<0.05),respectively.The T-AOC,TP,GSH-Px and T-SOD antioxidant indexes were significant difference (P<0.05),and significantly increased the content of lactic acid bacteria in intestine and reduced the content of Escherichia coli at 28 and 42 days old (P<0.05).In conclusion,the medium dose group of fermented traditional Chinese medicine (0.5 g/mL) had obvious antibacterial effect and provided substitute for antibiotics,the high dose group of fermented traditional Chinese medicine (1.0 g/mL) was significantly better than antibiotics for broilers.

Key words: fermented traditional Chinese medicine; Escherichia coli; broilers; efficacy; antioxidant index; intestinal flora; immune regulation

中图分类号:

S859.3

顾艳丽, 单春乔, 曹艳子, 刘艳, 林洋, 王效禹, 江国托. 复方中药发酵液对肉鸡大肠杆菌病的防治效果及免疫调节作用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(11): 3687-3695.

GU Yanli, SHAN Chunqiao, CAO Yanzi, LIU Yan, LIN Yang, WANG Xiaoyu, JIANG Guotuo. Effect of Fermented Traditional Chinese Medicine on Preventing and Treating Colibacillosis and Immune Regulation in Broilers[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(11): 3687-3695.

参考文献

[1] 刁有祥.鸡病诊治彩色图谱[M].第2版.北京:化学工业出版社,2018. DIAO Y X.Color Atlas of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chicken Disease[M].2nd Edition.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2018.(in Chinese)
[2] 陆承平.兽医微生物[M].第5版.北京:中国农业出版社,2013. LU C P.Veterinary Microbiology[M].5th Edition.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2013.(in Chinese)
[3] 许腾林,邢桂玲,姜成刚,等.猪、鸡与貂源肠外致病性大肠杆菌群型、耐药性与致病性分析[J].中国预防兽医学报,2018,40(5):386-391. XU T L,XING G L,JIANG C G,et al.Phylogenetic group,antimicrobial resistance and pathogenic analysis of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from swine,chicken and mink[J].Chinese Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine,2018,40(5):386-391.(in Chinese)
[4] 张步彩,袁橙,苏治国,等.4味中药复方治疗鸡大肠杆菌病效果的研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2019,46(9):2803-2812. ZHANG B C,YUAN C,SU Z G,et al.Study on the effect of 4 traditional Chinese medicine compounds on treating colibacillosis of chicken[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2019,46(9):2803-2812.(in Chinese)
[5] 顾艳丽,单春乔,吴磊,等.防治家禽腹泻的复方中药筛选及其提取工艺研究[J].中国家禽,2020,42(4):46-51. GU Y L,SHAN C Q,WU L,et al.Screening of compound traditional Chinese medicine for prevention and treatment of poultry diarrhea and its extraction process[J].China Poultry,2020,42(4):46-51.(in Chinese)
[6] GAYATRI S,RATUL K D,SATINDER K B,et al.Alternatives to antibiotics in poultry feed:Molecular perspectives[J].Critical Reviews in Microbiology,2018,44(3):318-335.
[7] 郭振,田启文,殷婷婷,等.动物饲料中替抗技术的研究进展[J].饲料研究,2019,42(12):108-111. GUO Z,TIAN Q W,YIN T T,et al.Research progress of antibiotics replacement technology in animal feed[J].Feed Research,2019,42(12):108-111.(in Chinese)
[8] 陈春林,闫志强,张邑帆,等.发酵中药在畜禽养殖中的应用[J].畜禽业,2019,30(12):14-16. CHEN C L,YAN Z Q,ZHANG Y F,et al.Application of fermented Chinese herbal medicine in livestock and poultry breeding[J].Livestock and Poultry Industry,2019,30(12):14-16.(in Chinese)
[9] 朱琪,郭明,何岚,等.合生素和抗菌肽对肉仔鸡大肠杆菌病的防制效果及免疫调节作用[J].中国畜牧兽医,2017,44(3):888-895. ZHU Q,GUO M,HE L,et al.Effect of synbiotic and antibacterial peptide on colibacillosis and immune regulation in broiler chickens[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2017,44(3):888-895.(in Chinese)
[10] 顾艳丽,王效禹,曹艳子,等.一株替代粪肠球菌的生产用芽胞杆菌筛选及其性质[J].中国微生态学杂志,2019,31(12):1389-1394. GU Y L,WANG X Y,CAO Y Z,et al.Screening and characterization of a Bacillus strain used for production replacing Enterococcus faecalis[J].Chinese Journal of Microecology,2019,31(12):1389-1394.(in Chinese)
[11] 郭宏伟,张丽,王林康,等.发酵扶正解毒口服液对肉鸡生产性能、免疫指标及肉品质的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(11):3104-3111. GUO H W,ZHANG L,WANG L K,et al.Effect of fermented Fuzheng Jiedu oral liquid on production performance,immune indexes and meat quality of broilers[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2018,45(11):3104-3111.(in Chinese)
[12] 张钊.抗大肠杆菌复方中药的筛选及其对大肠杆菌感染小鼠肠道结构和微生物的影响[D].太谷:山西农业大学,2016. ZHANG Z.The screening of compound traditional Chinese medinice used for againsting Escherichia coli and affection to the structure of the small intestinal and the microbial in the small intestinal of infected mice by Escherichia coli[D].Taigu:Shanxi Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[13] 张谦,刘一尘,徐进,等.加味白头翁散发酵产物对肉仔鸡大肠杆菌病的防治效果及对其肠道菌群的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2018,46(21):177-180. ZHANG Q,LIU Y C,XU J,et al.Effects of fermentation products of modified pulsatilla on colibacillosis and intestinal microflora of broiler chickens[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2018,46(21):177-180.(in Chinese)
[14] KARAOSMANOGLU K,SAYAR N A,KURNAZ I A,et al.Assessment of berberine as a multi-target antimicrobial:A multi-omics study for drug discovery and repositioning[J].Omics A Journal of Integrative Biology,2014,18(1):42-53.
[15] 于文会,李叔洪,姜晓文,等.黄连组方对大肠杆菌O₇₈的抑菌作用与临床疗效研究[J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(3):814-821. YU W H,LI S H,JIANG X W,et al.Study on activity and clinical efficacy of Coptis chinensis prescription on E.coli O₇₈[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2018,45(3):814-821.(in Chinese)
[16] 许英民.穿心莲的药理作用与临床应用[J].兽医导刊,2016,5:57-58. XU Y M.Pharmacological action and clinical application of Andrographis paniculata[J].Veterinary Orientation,2016,5:57-58.(in Chinese)
[17] 曹贵彬,易凤珍,游金明,等.陈皮苷制剂对爱拔益加肉鸡生长性能、免疫器官指数及小肠黏膜形态结构的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(3):710-717. CAO G B,YI F Z,YOU J M,et al.Effects of hesperidin preparation on growth performance,immune organ indexes and small intestinal mucosal morphology of arbor acres broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2014,26(3):710-717.(in Chinese)
[18] 安胜英,马学会,刘观忠.发酵中药添加剂对肉仔鸡免疫机能和抗氧化机能的影响[J].畜牧兽医学报,2015,46(5):863-867. AN S Y,MA X H,LIU G Z.Effects of fermented Chinese herbs on immunity and antioxidant ability of broilers[J].Acta Veteria et Zootechnica Sinica,2015,46(5):863-867.(in Chinese)
[19] 徐亚慧.马齿苋发酵物对雏鸡白痢的防治及肠道菌群的影响研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2018. XU Y H.Study on the control effect of purslane fermented material on pullorum disease and the influence of intestinal flora[D].Baoding:Hebei Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese)
[20] 方磊涵,王中华,王留.中药复方发酵剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、血清抗氧化活性及肠道菌群的影响[J].饲料研究,2019,42(8):11-15. FANG L H,WANG Z H,WANG L.Effect of compound Chinese medicine fermentation on growth performance,serum antioxidant activity and intestinal microflora of weaned piglets[J].Feed Research,2019,42(8):11-15.(in Chinese)
[21] 乔宏兴,史洪涛,宋予震,等.发酵黄芪对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化功能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(3):705-711. QIAO H X,SHI H T,SONG Y Z,et al.Effects of fermented astralus on growth performance and antioxidant function of broilers[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2018,45(3):705-711.(in Chinese)
[22] 盖晓红,刘素香,任涛,等.黄连的化学成分及药理作用研究进展[J].中草药,2018,49(20):4919-4927. GAI X H,LIU S X,REN T,et al.Research progress on chemical constituents of Coptidis rhizoma and its pharmacological activities[J].Chinese Herbal Medicine,2018,49(20):4919-4927.(in Chinese)
[23] 刘凤美,张磊,黄彬.日粮添加益生菌对肉鸡生产性能、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响[J].中国饲料,2018,24:39-43. LIU F M,ZHANG L,HUANG B.Effects of probiotics on production performance,immunologic function and gut bacteria of broiler chickens[J].China Food,2018,24:39-43.(in Chinese)
[24] 陈玉艳,王荣,张娟红,等.肠道菌群对药物代谢影响的研究进展[J].中国药理学通报,2019,35(2):168-172. CHEN Y Y,WANG R,ZHANG J H,et al.Effects of intestinal microflora on drug metabolism[J].Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin,2019,35(2):168-172.(in Chinese)
[25] 钟光,王强,沈一茹,等.枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化功能和肠道形态的影响[J].动物营养学报,2020,32(4):1675-1683. ZHONG G,WANG Q,SHEN Y R,et al.Effects of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance,antioxidant function and intestinal morphology of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2020,32(4):1675-1683.(in Chinese)
[26] MANESH K,PANKAJ D,DEEPTHI V,et al.Antimicrobial effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus acidophilus against multidrug-resistant enteroaggregative Escherichia coli[J].International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents,2016,48(3):265-270.
[27] WU Y Y,SHAO Y J,SONG B C,et al.Effects of Bacillus coagulans supplementation on the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis[J].Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology,2018,9(2):407-420.