基因编辑技术及其应用的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2017.08.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基因编辑技术是一项对生物体内源基因进行精准定点修饰的技术，极大地推动了生命科学的发展进程，是目前生物科学研究领域应用最广泛的技术。基因编辑技术主要包括锌指核酸酶（ZFN）、类转录激活因子效应物核酸酶（TALEN）和规律性重复短回文序列簇（CRISPR/Cas）。基因编辑技术可以特异性识别靶向序列，定点修饰靶向基因，进而深入研究目标基因的功能。基因编辑技术具有操作简便、作用效率高和脱靶率低等优势，因此广泛应用于生命科学研究、疾病模型的构建、药物研发以及农业生产等领域。作者主要介绍了ZFN、TALEN、CRISPR/Cas 3种新型基因编辑技术，综述了基因编辑技术在基因治疗、品种研发和改良、研究功能基因以及构建疾病动物模型等方面的应用，简要讨论了基因编辑技术与传统转基因技术之间的区别，并对基因编辑技术的应用前景进行了展望。

关键词: 基因编辑; 锌指核酸酶; 类转录激活因子效应物核酸酶; 规律性重复短回文序列簇

Abstract:

Gene editing techniques (GETs) can introduce mutations precisely into endogenous genome at a designed location. GETs are widely used in the research of bio-sciences, and promote a great development in life sciences. So far, most of the artificial gene mutations are generated by the following three GETs, including zinc finger nucleases (ZFN), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas endonuclease (CRISPR/Cas). GETs can recognize and modify the target sequence of endogenous gene with specificity, which are good ways to study the function of new genes. GETs have the advantage of simple operation, high efficiency and accuracy, so it is widely used in life science research, constraction of disease models, drug research and development and agricultural production. This review presents the three different nuclease-based GETs,including the mechanisms by which they produce genetic modifications, their recent advances and prospects as well as the differences between GETs and transgene techniques.

Key words: gene editing; ZFN; TALEN; CRISPR/Cas

中图分类号:

李想, 崔文涛, 李奎. 基因编辑技术及其应用的研究进展[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2017, 44(8): 2241-2247.

LI Xiang, CUI Wen-tao, LI Kui. Research Advances on Techniques of Gene Editing and Its Application[J]. , 2017, 44(8): 2241-2247.

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