高温对母猪泌乳和相关调控激素影响的研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2018.09.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

母乳的产量和质量对哺乳仔猪的成活率、生长速度及健康程度至关重要，而高温是影响家畜泌乳健康的一个重要环境因素。特别是夏季，动物因长期处于高温环境而容易引发热应激。此外，动物的泌乳过程受到机体内分泌系统的严格调控，涉及多种激素，包括催乳素（PRL）、生长激素（GH）、胰岛素样生长因子-1（IGF-1）等。很多生产数据和研究结果表明，高温会造成母猪采食量降低，泌乳性能下降以及内分泌状态的改变，进而对母猪、仔猪均产生不利影响。为了保证母猪的健康状态及仔猪良好的生长性能，了解高温对母猪泌乳及相关内分泌激素的影响十分必要。作者针对高温对母猪泌乳量、乳成分和泌乳相关激素的影响进行总结，得到高温会降低母猪泌乳量，改变乳糖、乳脂和乳蛋白的含量及泌乳调控激素水平的结论，为后续探索高温影响母猪泌乳的内分泌机制及寻找适宜的缓解高温对母猪泌乳危害的措施提供参考。

关键词: 高温; 母猪; 泌乳; 乳成分; 激素

Abstract:

The production and quality of breast milk is crucial for the survival rate,growth rate and health condition of piglets.Hyperthermia is one of the important environmental factors that affect the health of animal lactation.Especially in summer,animals are easily subjected to heat stress due to the long-time high temperature.In addition,the process of lactation is strictly regulated by the body's endocrine system,involving a variety of hormones,such as prolactin (PRL),growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).Many production data and researches indicated that hyperthermia induced the decline of food intake and lactation performance and causes changes in the endocrine state of the animal,which seriously affected sows and piglets.Therefore,in order to guarantee the health status of sows and obtain a better growth performance of piglets,it is necessary to find out how hyperthermia influences the sows and related hormones during the process of lactation.In this review,the authors summarized the effects of hyperthermia on milk production,milk composition and hormones related to lactation,founding that hyperthermia will reduce milk production and change the contents of lactose,milk fat,and lactoprotein,as well as the level of hormones related to lactation.It is expected to provide some references for researches on endocrine regulation mechanisms of environmental factors in animal lactation,as well as explorations on appropriate mitigation measures.

Key words: hyperthermia; sow; lactation; milk composition; hormones

中图分类号:

Q494

张浩洁, 胡宝玉, 熊佳丽, 陈婷, 孙加节, 罗君谊, 习欠云, 江青艳, 张永亮. 高温对母猪泌乳和相关调控激素影响的研究进展[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2018, 45(9): 2433-2439.

ZHANG Haojie, HU Baoyu, XIONG Jiali, CHEN Ting, SUN Jiajie, LUO Junyi, XI Qianyun, JIANG Qingyan, ZHANG Yongliang. Research Progress on Influence of High Temperature on Lactation and Related Regulation Hormones of Sows[J]. , 2018, 45(9): 2433-2439.

参考文献

[1] WILLIAMS A M,SAFRANSKI T J,SPIERS D E,et al.Effects of a controlled heat stress during late gestation,lactation,and after weaning on thermoregulation,metabolism,and reproduction of primiparous sows[J].Journal of Animal Science,2013,91(6):2700-2714.
[2] BLACK J L,MULLAN B P,LORSCHY M L,et al.Lactation in the sow during heat stress[J].Livestock Production Science,1993,35(1-2):153-170.
[3] QUINIOU N,NOBLET J.Influence of high ambient temperatures on performance of multiparous lactating sows[J].Journal of Animal Science,1999,77(8):2124-2134.
[4] MESSIAS D E BRAGANCA M,MOUNIER A M,PRUNIER A.Does feed restriction mimic the effects of increased ambient temperature in lactating sows[J].Journal of Animal Science,1998,76(8):2017-2024.
[5] PRUNIER A,QUESNEL H,MESSIAS D E,et al.Environmental and seasonal influences on the return-to-oestrus after weaning in primiparous sows:A review[J]. Livestock Production Science, 1996,45(2-3):103-110.
[6] AGGARWAL A,UPADHYAY R.Heat Stress and Animal Productivity[M].Springer:2013.
[7] 方敏,秦宜德,董琼珠.影响乳成分含量的因素[J].安徽医药,2004,8(2):130-132.FANG M,QING Y D,DONG Q Z.Factors that influence the composition of milk[J].Anhui Medical and Pharmaceutical Journal, 2004,8(2):130-132.(in Chinese)
[8] 陆辉,黄平,江明香,等.影响母猪泌乳的因素[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2016,12:79-80.LU H,HUANG P,JIANG M X,et al.Factors affecting the lactation of the sow[J].Heilongjiang Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,2016,12:79-80.(in Chinese)
[9] SILVA B A N,NOBLET J,DONZELE J L,et al.Effects of dietary protein level and amino acid supplementation on performance of mixed-parity lactating sows in a tropical humid climate[J].Journal of Animal Science,2009,87(12):4003-4012.
[10] RENAUDEAU D,NOBLET J.Effects of exposure to high ambient temperature and dietary protein level on sow milk production and performance of piglets[J].Journal of Animal Science,2001,79(6):1540-1548.
[11] RENAUDEAU D,NOBLET J,DOURMAD J Y.Effect of ambient temperature on mammary gland metabolism in lactating sows[J].Journal of Animal Science, 2003,81(1):217-231.
[12] 艾阳.热应激对泌乳奶牛泌乳性能和乳品质的影响及其机制[D].南京:南京农业大学,2015.AI Y.Effect and mechanism of heat stress on synthesis and quality of milk in lactating dairy cows[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2015.(in Chinese)
[13] PEANA I,FOIS G,CANNAS A.Effects of heat stress and diet on milk production and feed and energy intake of Sarda ewes[J].Italian Journal of Animal Science,2007,6(1):577-579.
[14] SILANIKOVE N,SHAPIRO F,SHINDER D.Acute heat stress brings down milk secretion in dairy cows by up-regulating the activity of the milk-borne negative feedback regulatory system[J].BMC Physiology, 2009,9(1):1-9.
[15] BAHASHWAN S.Effect of cold and hot seasons on fat,protein and lactose of Dhofari cow's milk[J].Net Journal of Agricultural Science,2014,2(1):47-49.
[16] SCHOENHERR W D,STAHLY T S,CROMWELL G L.The effects of dietary fat or fiber addition on yield and composition of milk from sows housed in a warm or hot environment[J].Journal of Animal Science,1989,67(2):482-495.
[17] PRUNIER A,MESSIAS D E,BRAGANCA M,et al.Influence of high ambient temperature on performance of reproductive sows[J].Livestock Production Science,1997,52(2):123-133.
[18] FARMER C,DEVILLERS N,WIDOWSKI T,et al.Impacts of a modified farrowing pen design on sow and litter performances and air quality during two seasons[J].Livestock Science,2006,104(3):303-312.
[19] LASPIUR J P,TROTTIER N L.Effect of dietary arginine supplementation and environmental temperature on sow lactation performance[J]. Livestock Production Science,2001,70(1-2):159-165.
[20] 叶平生,谢正露,张源淑.激素及细胞因子对泌乳的影响及其调控[J].动物医学进展,2013,34(1):75-79.YE P S,XIE Z L,ZHNG Y S.Effects and regulation of hormone and cytokine on lactation[J].Progress in Veterinary Medicine,2013,34(1):75-79.(in Chinese)
[21] 吴慧慧,刘建新,张才乔.反刍动物泌乳期的营养分配及其调控机制[J].中国畜牧杂志,2005,41(5):64-66.WU H H,LIU J X,ZHANG C Q.Nutrient partitioning and its regulation mechanism during ruminants lactation[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Husbandry,2005,41(5):64-66.(in Chinese)
[22] LACASSE P,OLLIER S,LOLLIVIER V,et al.New insights into the importance of prolactin in dairy ruminants[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2016,99(1):864-874.
[23] RONCHI B,STRADAIOLI G,SUPPLIZI A V,et al.Influence of heat stress or feed restriction on plasma progesterone,oestradiol-17β,LH,FSH,prolactin and cortisol in Holstein heifers[J].Livestock Production Science,2001,68(2-3):231-241.
[24] ROY K S,PRAKASH B S.Seasonal variation and circadian rhythmicity of the prolactin profile during the summer months in repeat-breeding Murrah buffalo heifers[J].Reproduction Fertility and Development,2007,19(4):569-575.
[25] BARB C R,ESTIENNE M J,KRAELING R R,et al.Endocrine changes in sows exposed to elevated ambient temperature during lactation[J].Domestic Animal Endocrinology,1991,8(1):117-127.
[26] FARMER C,KNIGHT C,FLINT D.Mammary gland involution and endocrine status in sows:Effects of weaning age and lactation heat stress[J].Canadian Journal of Animal Science,2007,87(1):35-43.
[27] PISANIE K D.Heat stress can hamper milk production:Animal health[J].Stock Farm,2016,6(1):38-39.
[28] KONYVES T,ZLATKOVIC N,MEMISI N,et al.Relationship of temperature-humidity index with milk production and feed intake of holstein-frisian cows in different year seasons[J]. The Thai Veterinary Medicine,2017,47(1):15-23.
[29] KLEINBERG D L,WOOD T L,FURTH P A,et al.Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-Ⅰ in the transition from normal mammary development to preneoplastic mammary lesions[J].Endocrine Reviews,2009,30(1):51-74.
[30] BAUMAN D E,EPPARD P J,DEGEETER M J,et al.Responses of high-producing dairy cows to long-term treatment with pituitary somatotropin and recombinant somatotropin[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1985,68(6):1352-1362.
[31] QUESNEL H,PASQUIER A,MOUNIER A M,et al.Influence of feed restriction in primiparous lactating sows on body condition and metabolic parameters[J].Reproduction Nutrition Development,1998,38(3):261-274.
[32] MCGUIRE M A,BEEDE D K,COLLIER R J,et al.Effects of acute thermal stress and amount of feed intake on concentrations of somatotropin,insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-Ⅰ and IGF-Ⅱ,and thyroid hormones in plasma of lactating Holstein cows[J].Journal of Animal Science,1991,69(5):2050-2056.
[33] RHOADS M L,KIM J W,COLLIER R J,et al.Effects of heat stress and nutrition on lactating Holstein cows:Ⅱ.Aspects of hepatic growth hormone responsiveness[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(1):170-179.
[34] RHOADS M L,RHOADS R P,VANBAALE M J,et al.Effects of heat stress and plane of nutrition on lactating Holstein cows:Ⅰ.Production,metabolism,and aspects of circulating somatotropin[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2009,92(5):1986-1997.
[35] ROJKITTIKHUN T,EINARSSON S,UVNAS-MOBERG K,et al.Patterns of release of oxytocin,prolactin,insulin and LH in lactating sows,studied using continuous blood collection technique[J].Transboundary & Emerging Diseases,1993,40(1-10):412-421.
[36] GWAZDAUSKAS F C,THATCHER W W,KIDDY C A,et al.Hormonal patterns during heat stress following PGF(2)alpha-tham salt induced luteal regression in heifers[J].Theriogenology,1981,16(3):271-285.
[37] ROMAN-PONCE H,THATCHER W W,WILCOX C J.Hormonal interelationships and physiological responses of lactating dairy cows to a shade management system in a subtropical environment[J].Theriogenology,1981,16(2):139-154.
[38] WISE M E,ARMSTRONG D V,HUBER J T,et al.Hormonal alterations in the lactating dairy cow in response to thermal stress[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1988,71(9):2480-2485.
[39] GILAD E,MEIDAN R,BERMAN A,et al.Effect of heat stress on tonic and GnRH-induced gonadotrophin secretion in relation to concentration of oestradiol in plasma of cyclic cows[J].Journal of Reproduction and Fertility,1993,99(2):315-321.
[40] ROTH Z,MEIDAN R,BRAW-TAL R,et al.Immediate and delayed effects of heat stress on follicular development and its association with plasma FSH and inhibin concentration in cows[J].Journal of Reproduction and Fertility,2000,120(1):83-90.
[41] 李楠,高学军.雌激素及其受体对动物乳腺上皮细胞泌乳性能的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2011,38(4):151-153.LI N,GAO X J.Influence of estrogen and its receptors on lactation performance of mammary epithelial cells[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2011,38(4):151-153.(in Chinese)
[42] HINDERY G A,TURNER C W.Effect of repeated injection of estrogen on milk yield of nulliparous heifers 1,2[J]. Journal of Dairy Science,1964,47(10):1092-1095.
[43] BIENSEN N J,VONBORELL E H,FORD S P.Effects of space allocation and temperature on periparturient maternal behaviors,steroid concentrations,and piglet growth rates[J].Journal of Animal Science, 1996,74(11):2641-2648.
[44] WILSON S J,MARION R S,SPAIN J N,et al.Effects of controlled heat stress on ovarian function of dairy cattle.1.Lactating cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1998,81(8):2124-2131.
[45] OZAWA M,TABAYASHI D,LATIEF T A,et al.Alterations in follicular dynamics and steroidogenic abilities induced by heat stress during follicular recruitment in goats[J].Reproduction,2005,129(5):621-630.
[46] KHODAEIMOTLAGH M,SHAHNEH A Z,MASOUMI R,et al.Alterations in reproductive hormones during heat stress in dairy cattle[J].African Journal of Biotechnology,2011,10(29):5552-5558.
[47] BAUMGARD L H,RHOADS R P.Ruminant production and metabolic responses to heat stress[J].Journal of Animal Science,2011,90(6):1855-1865.
[48] LUCY M C,SAFRANSKI T J.Heat stress in pregnant sows:Thermal responses and subsequent performance of sows and their offspring[J].Molecular Reproduction and Development,2017,84(9):946-956.
[49] WHEELOCK J B,RHOADS R P,VANBAALE M J,et al.Effects of heat stress on energetic metabolism in lactating Holstein cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,2010,93(2):644-655.
[50] COLLIER R J,MILLER M A,MCLAUGHLIN C L,et al.Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (rbST) and season on plasma and milk insulin-like growth factors Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) and Ⅱ (IGF-Ⅱ) in lactating dairy cows[J]. Domestic Animal Endocrinology,2008,35(1):16-23.
[51] TUCKER H A.Hormones,mammary growth,and lactation:A 41-year perspective[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 2000,83(4):874-884.
[52] 谢爱纯,陈文超,艾晓杰,等.温度刺激对香猪甲状腺激素和皮质醇水平的影响[J].西南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2004,26(4):487-489.XIE A C,CHEN W C,AI X J,et al.Influence of temperature stimulation on the thyroid and cortisol level of pig[J].Journal of Southwest University (Natural Science Edition),2004,26(4):487-489.(in Chinese)
[53] TITTO C G,NEGRAO J A,CANAES T D S,et al.Heat stress and ACTH administration on cortisol and insulin-like growth factor Ⅰ (IGF-Ⅰ) levels in lactating Holstein cows[J].Journal of Applied Animal Research, 2017,45(1):1-7.
[54] AGGARWAL A.Effect of environment on hormones,blood metabolites,milk production and composition under two sets of management in cows and buffaloes[J].Solid-State Electronics,2004,17(6):531-534.
[55] KAHL S,CAPUCO A V,BINELLI M,et al.Comparison of growth hormone-releasing factor and somatotropin:Thyroid status of lactating,primiparous cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science,1995,78(10):2150-2158.
[56] MAGDUB A,JOHNSON H D,BELYEA R L.Effect of environmental heat and dietary fiber on thyroid physiology of lactating cows[J].Journal of Dairy Science, 1982,65(12):2323-2331.
[57] YOUSEF M K,JOHNSON H D.Calorigenesis of cattle as influenced by growth hormone and environmental temperature[J].Journal of Animal Science,1966,25(4):1076-1082.
[58] TODINI L,SALIMEI E,MALFATTI A,et al.Thyroid hormones in donkey blood and milk:Correlations with milk yield and environmental temperatures[J].Italian Journal of Animal Science,2015,14(4):249-301.
[59] 生冉,闫素梅.催乳素与其他激素对乳腺内乳成分合成的协同调节作用[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(6):1435-1443.SHENG R,YAN S M.Prolactin and other hormones:Synergistic action on regulating milk composition synthesis in mammary glands[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2014,26(6):1435-1443.(in Chinese)