东佛里生羊、湖羊及东湖杂交羊的泌乳性能比较分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.01.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本研究旨在探索东佛里生羊、湖羊及东湖杂交羊的泌乳性能。【方法】选取同一养殖场健康东佛里生羊（DF）、湖羊（H）、东湖杂交一代（F1）、级杂二代（F2）各197、313、346、364只。收集其在2020—2021年间的日泌乳量数据，使用六次多项式拟合泌乳曲线，估计泌乳曲线参数；采集奶样，用乳品分析仪测定乳脂、乳蛋白、乳糖、总固形物和尿素氮；对奶绵羊乳房拍照进行形态学描述，测量乳头形态数据，包括乳头长度、乳头间距和乳头直径；麻醉后采集空怀期乳腺组织，制作组织切片，苏木精-伊红（HE）染色后镜检。【结果】东佛里生羊泌乳量显著高于杂交一代（P<0.05），东佛里生羊与级杂二代泌乳量差异不显著（P>0.05），杂交一代与级杂二代泌乳量均显著高于湖羊（P<0.05）。使用六次多项式模型拟合不同杂交代奶绵羊泌乳曲线，拟合度均高于0.90。东佛里生羊、湖羊、杂交一代、级杂二代泌乳高峰日分别为58、18、45与47 d，泌乳高峰日泌乳量分别为2.31、1.27、2.24和1.97 kg。湖羊乳脂含量显著高于其他杂交代奶绵羊（P<0.05），东佛里生羊与杂交一代乳蛋白含量差异显著（P<0.05），湖羊与级杂二代乳蛋白含量差异显著（P<0.05），各杂交代奶绵羊其他乳成分不存在显著差异（P>0.05）。测量结果表明，湖羊乳头长度显著小于其他杂交代奶绵羊（P<0.05），级杂二代乳头间距显著高于其他杂交代奶绵羊（P<0.05）。研究未发现乳头大小与泌乳量存在关系。湖羊乳沟浅，乳头朝向与地面平行；东佛里生羊乳沟深，乳头朝向与地面垂直方向夹角<45°；杂交一代与级杂二代的乳房形态结构相似，乳头朝向呈外"八"字形，适合机器挤奶。东佛里生羊、杂交一代与级杂二代乳腺组织发达，乳腺结构中腺泡导管数量均比湖羊密集。【结论】湖羊与东佛里生羊杂交后，级杂二代泌乳量显著提高，乳房形态与乳腺结构结果表明级杂二代有良好的泌乳基础。

关键词: 东佛里生羊; 湖羊; 东湖杂交羊; 泌乳性能

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to explore the lactation performance of East Friesen sheep, Hu sheep and East Friesen-Hu hybrid sheep.【Method】 A total of 197, 313, 346, 364 healthy East Friesen sheep (DF), Hu sheep (H), East Friesen-Hu hybrid F1 generation (F1) and hybrid F2 generation (F2) were selected from the same farm.The daily milk yield from 2020 to 2021 was collected, the lactation curve was fitted by sixth degree polynomial, and the parameters of lactation curve were estimated.Milk samples were collected and milk fat, milk protein, lactose, total solids and urea nitrogen were determined by milk analyzer.Morphological description of dairy sheep udders was taken and nipple morphological data was measured, including nipple length, nipples spacing and nipple diameter.After anesthesia, the breast tissue was collected during the nonpregnant period, and the tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE)and examined under microscope.【Result】 The milk yield of East Friesen sheep was significantly higher than that of hybrid F1 generation (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in milk yield between hybrid F1 and F2 generations (P > 0.05).The milk yield of the hybrid F1 and F2 generations were significantly higher than that of Hu sheep (P<0.05).The six-degree polynomial model was used to fit the lactation curves of different hybrid dairy sheep, and the degrees of fit were higher than 0.90.The peak lactation days of East Friesen sheep, Hu sheep, hybrid F1 and F2 generations were 58, 18, 45 and 47 d, respectively, and the peaks daily milk yield were 2.31, 1.27, 2.24 and 1.97 kg, respectively.The milk fat content of Hu sheep was significantly higher than that of other hybrid dairy sheep (P<0.05).There was significant difference in milk protein content between East Friesen sheep and hybrid F1 generation (P<0.05), and between Hu sheep and hybrid F2 generation sheep (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in other milk components of each hybrid dairy sheep (P>0.05).The results showed that the nipple length of Hu sheep was significantly shorter than that of other hybrid dairy sheep (P<0.05), and the nipple distance of hybrid F2 generation was significantly higher than that of other hybrid milk sheep (P<0.05).There was no relationship between nipple size and milk yield.The udders groove of Hu sheep was shallow, and the nipple orientation was parallel to the ground.The udders groove of East Friesen sheep was deep, and the angle between the nipple orientation and the ground vertical direction was less than 45°.The udder morphology and structure of the hybrid F1 generation was similar to that of the hybrid F2 generation, and the nipple oriented in an outside camber shape, which was suitable for machine milking.The mammary gland tissues of East Friesen sheep, hybrid F1 and F2 generations were well developed, and the number of acinar ducts in the breast structure was denser than that of Hu sheep.【Conclusion】 After hybridization between Hu sheep and East Friesen sheep, the milk yield of hybrid F2 generation increased significantly.The results of breast morphology and breast structure showed that hybrid F2 generation had a good lactation foundation.

Key words: East Friesen sheep; Hu sheep; East Friesen-Hu hybrid sheep; lactation trait

中图分类号:

S826

安小鹏, 刘楠, 胡郑佳楣, 胡劲草, 徐小龙, 张磊, 宋宇轩. 东佛里生羊、湖羊及东湖杂交羊的泌乳性能比较分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(1): 238-245.

AN Xiaopeng, LIU Nan, HU Zhengjiamei, HU Jincao, XU Xiaolong, ZHANG Lei, SONG Yuxuan. Comparative Analysis of Lactation Performance of East Friesen Sheep, Hu Sheep and East Friesen-Hu Hybrid Sheep[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(1): 238-245.

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