Abstract: Avian influenza virus (AIV) has a huge impact on the development of animal husbandry and the safety of public health because of its characteristics such as strong variability,sorts of subtypes,diversity of infection hosts and so on.At present,although traditional inactivated vaccines play an important role in the prevention of avian influenza,there are still disadvantages such as immune failure,multiple vaccinations,easy occurrence of adverse reactions and so on.Therefore,it is very necessary to develop new vaccines to make up for the shortcomings of traditional vaccines.Nanoparticle vaccines have the advantages such as good encapsulation,stable structure,high targeting,strong immunogenicity and so on,which can be used as candidates for novel influenza virus vaccines.This paper first introduced the reasons for the difficulty in preventing and controlling avian influenza and the characteristics of nano-vaccine,and then reviewed the toxicity mechanisms of virus-like particle vaccines,self-assembled protein vaccines,polymer nanoparticle vaccines,inorganic nanoparticle vaccines and nanoparticles.Besides,it also summarized the research progress of AIV nanoparticle vaccine in recent years,and briefly described the advantages and disadvantages of using different antigens,applying different nanomaterials,and using different drug methods.Last but not least,it combined current studies on nano-vaccine to predict a new approach that nanoparticle vaccines could be used for influenza virus prevention and control in the future,and analyzed and prospected the application prospect of avian influenza nano-vaccine in veterinary medicine.

Key words: avian influenza; nano-vaccine; nano-materials; antigen type; vaccination method