日粮维生素D和钙水平对冬毛期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮、钙、磷代谢的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2018.11.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本试验旨在研究当日粮钙磷比一定时，维生素D和钙水平对冬毛期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮、钙、磷代谢的影响。随机选取（135±5）日龄、健康雄性水貂117只，分成9组，每组13个重复，每个重复1只。采用3×3双因素随机试验设计，设3个维生素D水平，分别为2 300、4 300、6 300 IU/kg；设3个钙水平，分别为2.0%、2.4%、2.8%，钙磷比固定为1.7∶1，配制9组试验日粮，分别为：Ⅰ组（2 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.0%钙）、Ⅱ组（4 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.0%钙）、Ⅲ组（6 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.0%钙）、Ⅳ组（2 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.4%钙）、Ⅴ组（4 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.4%钙）、Ⅵ组（6 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.4%钙）、Ⅶ组（2 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.8%钙）、Ⅷ组（4 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.8%钙）、Ⅸ组（6 300 IU/kg维生素D＋2.8%钙）。预试期13 d，正试期60 d。结果表明：①各组水貂料重比差异极显著（P<0.01），Ⅱ组最低。钙水平对料重比有显著影响（P<0.05），维生素D水平对料重比有极显著影响（P<0.01）。②钙水平可极显著影响粗脂肪消化率（P<0.01），其中2.8%水平极显著低于2.0%和2.4%水平（P<0.01）。③日粮维生素D和钙水平对水貂氮代谢指标均无显著影响（P>0.05）。④各组水貂粪钙、粪磷、钙消化率、磷消化率均差异极显著（P<0.01），其中Ⅱ组钙消化率、磷消化率最高，Ⅲ组次之。钙水平可极显著影响粪钙、粪磷、钙消化率、磷消化率（P<0.01），2.0%水平可极显著降低粪钙、粪磷含量（P<0.01），极显著提高钙消化率及磷消化率（P<0.01）。维生素D水平对钙消化率影响显著（P<0.05），对粪磷、磷消化率影响极显著（P<0.01），2 300~4 300 IU/kg维生素D水平有利于提高钙消化率、磷消化率，降低粪磷含量。综合考虑各项指标，在本试验条件下，日粮中钙磷比为1.7∶1，维生素D水平为2 300~4 300 IU/kg、钙水平为2.0%时，冬毛期水貂料重比及钙、磷排放量较低，而粗脂肪、钙、磷消化率较高。

关键词: 维生素D; 钙; 磷; 水貂; 生长性能; 氮代谢

Abstract:

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin D and calcium levels on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and metabolisms of nitrogen,calcium and phosphorus of winter fur-growing mink at a fixed ratio of calcium to phosphorus.One hundred and seventeen healthy male minks at the age of (135±5) days were randomly divided into 9 groups with 13 replicates per group and 1 mink per replicate.Nine experimental diets were formulated by using 3×3 double factorial experiment design.Dietary calcium to phosphorus ratio was fixed at 1.7:1,and three vitamin D levels were 2 300,4 300 and 6 300 IU/kg,respectively,while three calcium levels were 2.0%,2.4% and 2.8%,respectively.The levels of vitamin D and calcium in the 9 diets were 2 300 IU/kg and 2.0% (group Ⅰ),4 300 IU/kg and 2.0% (group Ⅱ),6 300 IU/kg and 2.0% (group Ⅲ),2 300 IU/kg and 2.4% (group Ⅳ),4 300 IU/kg and 2.4%(group Ⅴ),6 300 IU/kg and 2.4% (group Ⅵ),2 300 IU/kg and 2.8% (group Ⅶ),4 300 IU/kg and 2.8% (group Ⅷ),6 300 IU/kg and 2.8% (group Ⅸ).The pretrial lasted for 13 days,and the formal trial lasted for 60 days.The results showed as follows:①There was a extremely significant difference of F/G in mink among groups (P<0.01),and that in group Ⅱ was the lowest.The calcium levels had a significant effect on the F/G (P<0.05),while the vitamin D levels had an extremely significant effect on the F/G (P<0.01).②The calcium levels had an extremely significant effect on fat digestibility (P<0.01),and that of 2.8% calcium level was extremely significantly lower than 2.0% and 2.4% calcium levels (P<0.01).②The dietary levels of vitamin D and calcium had no significant effect on nitrogen metabolism indexes of mink (P>0.05).④There was an extremely significant difference in the fecal calcium,fecal phosphorus,calcium digestibility and phosphorus digestibility of mink among the groups (P<0.01).The digestibility of calcium and phosphorus were the highest in group Ⅱ,followed by group Ⅲ.The calcium level had an extremely significant effect on fecal calcium,fecal phosphorus,digestibilities of calcium and phosphorus (P<0.01),and 2.0% calcium level extremely significantly decreased fecal calcium and fecal phosphorus contents (P<0.01),and increased calcium and phosphorus digestibilities (P<0.01).Vitamin D levels had a significant effect on calcium digestibility (P<0.05), and had an extremely significant effect on fecal phosphorus and phosphorus digestibility (P<0.01).Vitamin D levels of 2 300 to 4 300 IU/kg could increase digestibilities of calcium and phosphorus,reduce the fecal phosphorus content.Comprehensive analysis of various indicators,when the dietary calcium to phosphorus ratio was 1.7:1,the vitamin D level was 2 300 to 4 300 IU/kg,and the calcium level was 2.0%,minks during winter fur-growing period could get a lower F/G,calcium and phosphorus emissions,higher EE,calcium and phosphorus digestibility.

Key words: vitamin D; calcium; phosphorus; mink; growth performance; nitrogen metabolism

中图分类号:

S865.2^＋2

王静, 张海华, 蔡熙姮, 张雪蕾, 徐逸男, 李仁德, 李光玉. 日粮维生素D和钙水平对冬毛期水貂生长性能、营养物质消化率及氮、钙、磷代谢的影响[J]. 《中国畜牧兽医》, 2018, 45(11): 3051-3061.

WANG Jing, ZHANG Haihua, CAI Xiheng, ZHANG Xuelei, XU Yinan, LI Rende, LI Guangyu. Effects of Dietary Vitamin D and Calcium Levels on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Metabolisms of Nitrogen, Ca and P of Minks During Winter Fur-growing Period[J]. , 2018, 45(11): 3051-3061.

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