高精料饲粮中添加辣蓼对绵羊瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃菌群的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.01.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】试验旨在研究高精料饲粮中添加辣蓼对绵羊瘤胃发酵参数、菌群数量、乳酸代谢及酶活性的影响。【方法】选取40只体重(23.26±0.33) kg的3月龄杜寒杂交公羔,随机分为4组,每组10只。基础饲粮精粗比为75∶25,辣蓼添加量分别为0(对照组)、5(L1组)、10(L2组)和15 g/d(L3组)。预饲期15 d,正式期60 d,共计75 d。正式期结束当天晨饲3 h后,对所有试验羊进行瘤胃液采集,用于后续瘤胃发酵参数、瘤胃微生物酶活、瘤胃乳酸代谢和瘤胃菌群的测定。【结果】 ①L3组绵羊瘤胃液中总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量显著高于对照组和L1组(P＜0.05),丙酸含量显著高于其他3组(P＜0.05),乙丙比显著低于对照组,氨态氮(NH₃-N)含量显著低于L1组和对照组(P＜0.05),微生物蛋白(MCP)含量显著高于L1组和对照组(P＜0.05);L2组绵羊瘤胃液中丙酸和MCP含量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),乙丙比和NH₃-N含量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);L1组绵羊瘤胃液中NH₃-N含量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05)。②L2和L3组绵羊瘤胃液中纤维二糖酶活性显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),蛋白酶活性显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);L3组绵羊瘤胃液中蛋白酶活性还显著低于L1组(P＜0.05),α-淀粉酶活性显著高于L1组和对照组(P＜0.05)。③L3组绵羊瘤胃液中乳酸含量显著低于对照组和L1组(P＜0.05),乳酸脱氢酶活性显著低于其他3组(P＜0.05);3个试验组绵羊瘤胃液中丙酮酸含量和丙酮酸激酶活性均显著高于对照组,且L3组显著高于L2和L1两组(P＜0.05)。④L3组绵羊瘤胃液中总产甲烷菌数量显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),总原虫和栖瘤胃普雷沃氏菌数量显著低于L1组和对照组(P＜0.05),白色瘤胃球菌数量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌数量显著高于L1组和对照组(P＜0.05);L2组绵羊瘤胃液中总原虫和栖瘤胃普雷沃氏菌数量均显著低于对照组(P＜0.05),嗜淀粉瘤胃杆菌数量显著高于对照组(P＜0.05)。【结论】高精料饲粮中添加辣蓼可以调控瘤胃菌群,改善瘤胃发酵,降低乙丙比,增加MCP含量,降低NH₃-N浓度,通过调控乳酸代谢相关酶活性减少乳酸的堆积,本试验条件下最适添加量为15 g/d。

关键词: 高精料饲粮; 辣蓼; 绵羊; 瘤胃发酵; 乳酸

Abstract: 【Objective】 The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of adding Polygonum hydropiper L.to high-concentrate diet on rumen fermentation parameters,microbial populations,lactic acid metabolism,and enzyme activity in sheep. 【Method】 Forty 3-month-old Duhan hybrid male sheeps with an average weight of (23.26±0.33) kg were selected and randomly divided into four groups with 10 sheeps per group.Lambs were fed individually with a crude-to-processed diet ratio of 75∶25.The levels of Polygonum hydropiper L.supplementation were 0 (control),5 (L1),10 (L2),and 15 g/d (L3).After a 15-day adaptation period,a 60-day experimental period was conducted,lasting 75 days.Rumen fluid samples were collected from all lambs 3 hours after morning feeding at the end of the experimental period for subsequent analysis of rumen fermentation parameters,microbial enzyme activities,lactic acid metabolism,and microbial populations. 【Result】 ① The total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) content in rumen fluid of sheep in group L3 was significantly higher than that in control group and L1 group (P＜0.05),the propionic acid content was significantly higher than that in the other three groups (P＜0.05),the ratio of ethylene to propylene was significantly lower than that in control group,and the ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N) content was significantly lower than that in L1 group and control group (P＜0.05).The content of microbial protein (MCP) was significantly higher than that in L1 group and control group (P＜0.05).The contents of propionic acid and MCP in rumen fluid of sheep in L2 group were significantly higher than those in control group (P＜0.05),the ratio of ethylene to propylene and the content of NH₃-N in L2 group were significantly lower than those in control group (P＜0.05),the content of NH₃-N in rumen fluid of sheep in L1 group was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05).② The activity of cellobiase in rumen fluid of sheep in L2 and L3 groups was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05),and the activity of protease was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05),the protease activity in rumen fluid of sheep in L3 group was also significantly lower than that in L1 group (P＜0.05),and the α-amylase activity was significantly higher than that in L1 group and control group (P＜0.05).③ Lactic acid content in rumen fluid of sheep in L3 group was significantly lower than that in control group and L1 group (P＜0.05),and lactate dehydrogenase activity was significantly lower than that in other three groups (P＜0.05).Pyruvate content and pyruvate kinase activity in rumen fluid of sheep in 3 experimental groups were significantly higher than those of control group,and L3 group was significantly higher than L2 and L1 groups (P＜0.05).④ The number of total methanogens in rumen fluid of sheep in group L3 was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05),the number of total protozoa and Prevotella ruminalis was significantly lower than that in L1 group and control group (P＜0.05),and the number of Ruminococcus albus was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05).The number of Ruminbacter amylophilus was significantly higher than that in L1 and control groups (P＜0.05).The number of total protozoa and Prevotella ruminalis in rumen fluid of sheep in L2 group was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.05),and the number of Ruminbacter amylophilus was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 The addition of Polygonum hydropiper L. to a high-concentrate diet influenced rumen microbiota,improved fermentation,reduced A/P ratio,enhanced pyruvate-related protein synthesis,decreased NH₃-N concentrations,and regulated lactic acid metabolism by altering enzyme activities,thereby reducing lactic acid accumulation.Under these conditions,the optimal supplementation level was determined to be 15 g/d.

Key words: high-concentrate diet; Polygonum hydropiper L.; sheep; rumen fermentation; lactic acid

中图分类号:

S826.92

于天力, 何振莲, 韩怡静, 任靖宇, 夏呈强, 裴彩霞. 高精料饲粮中添加辣蓼对绵羊瘤胃发酵参数和瘤胃菌群的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(1): 205-214.

YU Tianli, HE Zhenlian, HAN Yijing, REN Jingyu, XIA Chengqiang, PEI Caixia. Effects of Adding Polygonum hydropiper L.to High-concentrate Diet on Fermentation Parameters and Flora of Rumen in Sheep[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(1): 205-214.

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