种鸽饲粮粗蛋白质水平对乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能及肠道菌群结构的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.01.010

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探讨“2＋2”(1对亲鸽1个繁殖周期哺育2只乳鸽)生产模式条件下种鸽饲粮粗蛋白质水平对乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能及肠道微生物菌群及结构的影响。【方法】选取繁殖性能相近的12~18月龄健康哺育期塔里木鸽种鸽60对,共分5个处理组,每个处理组12对种鸽,每对种鸽哺育2只乳鸽,饲喂能量水平为12.64 MJ/kg、粗蛋白质(CP)水平分别为12%、13%、14%、15%、16%的饲粮。预饲期3 d,正式试验期28 d。每3 d测定乳鸽体重,待乳鸽28日龄出雏后,每组选取8只乳鸽进行屠宰,并测定其屠宰性能及空肠肠道菌群结构。【结果】 ①种鸽饲粮粗蛋白质水平对乳鸽体重和平均日增重均有显著影响(P＜0.05)。乳鸽体重随着日龄增加呈线性增加,乳鸽平均日增重先降低后升高,呈二次曲线变化(P＜0.05),其中CP13%组乳鸽平均日增重最大。②种鸽饲粮粗蛋白质水平对乳鸽屠宰率、腹脂率、胸肌率和翅膀率均有显著影响(P＜0.05),其中CP16%组乳鸽屠宰率显著高于CP13%和CP14%组(P＜0.05)。③在门水平上,乳鸽肠道菌群各组排名前十的有放线菌门、厚壁菌门、TM7、蓝菌门、变形菌门、拟杆菌门、软壁菌门、OP11、绿弯菌门、芽单胞菌门,其中CP16%组变形菌门相对丰度显著高于CP14%、CP15%组(P＜0.05);在科水平上,各组排名前十的有棒状杆菌科、乳杆菌科、红蝽菌科、梭菌科、丹毒丝菌科、肠球菌科、韦荣球菌科、放线菌科、双歧杆菌科、Rs-045,其中CP14%、CP15%、CP16%组红蝽菌科相对丰度显著高于CP12%组(P＜0.05),CP14%、CP16%组双歧杆菌科相对丰度显著高于CP12%、CP13%组(P＜0.05);在属水平上,各组排名前十的有棒状杆菌属、乳杆菌属、奇异菌属、分节丝状菌属、肠球菌属、韦荣氏球菌属、双歧杆菌属、布雷德菌属、放线菌属、动弯杆菌属,其中CP14%、CP16%组双歧杆菌属相对丰度显著高于CP12%、CP13%组(P＜0.05);CP15%、CP16%组奇异菌属相对丰度显著高于CP12%组(P＜0.05);CP16%组韦荣氏球菌属相对丰度显著高于CP12%组(P＜0.05)。【结论】在本试验条件下,“2＋2”生产模式下种鸽饲粮粗蛋白质水平为13%时乳鸽平均日增重最大,屠宰性能较优,种鸽不同粗蛋白质水平饲粮对乳鸽28日龄空肠菌群结构有一定影响。乳鸽生长性能较为适宜的种鸽饲粮粗蛋白质水平为13%。

关键词: 塔里木鸽; 蛋白质水平; 生长性能; 屠宰性能; 菌群结构

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary protein level on growth,slaughter performance,intestinal microflora and structure of squabs under the "2+2" production mode (1 pair of parent pigeons feeding 2 squabs in 1 breeding cycle). 【Method】 60 pairs of healthy Tarim breeding pigeons aged 12-18 months,with similar reproductive performance,were randomly divided into 5 groups,with 12 pairs in each group,and each pair bred 2 squabs. The breeder pigenons were fed diets with energy level of 12.64 MJ/kg and different crude protein (CP) levels (12%,13%,14%,15% and 16%),respectively.The experiment had a 3-day pre-experimental period and a 28-day experimental period.The body weight of squabs was measured every 3 days,and 8 squabs in each group were slaughtered at 28 days of age,and their slaughter performance and jejunal microbial community structure were measured. 【Result】 ① Dietary protein level had significant effects on body weight and average daily gain of squabs (P＜0.05).The body weight of squabs increased linearly with the increase of day age,and the average daily gain of squabs first decreased and then increased,showing a quadratic curve change (P＜0.05).The average daily gain of squabs in CP13% group was the largest.② Dietary protein level had significant effects on the slaughter rate,abdominal fat rate,breast muscle rate and wing rate of squabs (P＜0.05),and the slaughter rate of CP16% group was significantly higher than that of CP13% and CP14% groups (P<0.05).③ At the phylum level,the top ten in each group were Actinomyces,Firmicutes,TM7,Cyanobacteria,Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Parasicutes,OP11,Chloromyces and Blastomonas.The relative abundance of Proteobacteria in CP16% group was significantly higher than that in CP14% and CP15% groups (P＜0.05).At the family level,the top ten species in each group were Corynebacteriaceae,Lactobacillaceae,Rhodiaceae,Clostridiaceae,Erysipelothriaceae,Enterococcaceae,Veillonaceae,actinomyceaceae,Bifidobacteriaceae and Rs-045.The relative abundance of Rhodiaceae in CP14%,CP15% and CP16% groups was significantly higher than that in CP12% group (P＜0.05).The relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae in CP14% and CP16% groups was significantly higher than that in CP12% and CP13% groups (P＜0.05).At the genus level,the top ten in each group were Corynebacterium,Lactobacillus,Strangella,Segmental filamentous bacterium,Enterococcus,Veyronella,Bifidobacterium,Breidella,Actinomyces and Kinetocampylobacter,and the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium in CP14% and CP16% groups was significantly higher than that in CP12% and CP13% groups (P＜0.05).The relative abundance of Strangella in CP15% and CP16% groups was significantly higher than that in CP12% group (P＜0.05).The relative abundance of Veillonella in CP16% group was significantly higher than that in CP12% group (P＜0.05). 【Conclusion】 Under the conditions of this experiment,the average daily weight gain of squabs was the highest when the crude protein level in the diet for breeder pigeons in the "2+2" production mode was 13%,and the slaughter performance was better.Different crude protein levels in the diet for breeder pigeons had a certain effect on the jejunal microbiota structure of squabs at 28 days old.A crude protein level of 13% in the diet for breeder pigeons was more suitable for the growth performance of squabs.

Key words: Tarim pigeons; protein level; growth performance; slaughter performance; microbiota structure

中图分类号:

S863

王静, 梁贵晨, 付睿, 王泽武, 臧长江, 李凤鸣. 种鸽饲粮粗蛋白质水平对乳鸽生长性能、屠宰性能及肠道菌群结构的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(1): 107-120.

WANG Jing, LIANG Guichen, FU Rui, WANG Zewu, ZANG Changjiang, LI Fengming. Effects of Dietary Crude Protein Level on Growth and Slaughtering Performance and Intestinal Microflora Structure of Squabs[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(1): 107-120.

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