填饲对北京鸭生长发育、胸肌生化指标和肉品质的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2023.08.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本试验旨在研究填饲对北京鸭生长发育、胸肌生化指标和肉品质的影响。【方法】选用120只体重相近(2 529 g±40 g)的35日龄北京鸭,随机分为2组(正常饲喂组和填饲组),每组6个重复,每重复10只鸭。试验周期为7 d,正常饲喂组1~7 d每只饲喂260 g/d,填饲组第1和2天每只分别饲喂260和300 g/d,第3~7天每只饲喂420 g/d。于试验鸭42日龄时,空腹12 h,每重复选取2只鸭,翅静脉取血5 mL后进行屠宰,对屠体、胸肌和腿肌进行称重,计算屠体率、胸肌率和腿肌率,并测定其血浆和胸肌生化指标、胸肌肉品质以及脂肪酸含量。【结果】①填饲组北京鸭平均体重、平均日增重、屠体重、屠体率和胸肌重显著高于正常饲喂组(P＜0.05),腿肌重和腿肌率显著低于正常饲喂组(P＜0.05),料重比和胸肌率在两组间无显著差异(P＞0.05)。②填饲组北京鸭血浆中的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活力和谷丙转氨酶/谷草转氨酶(ALT/AST)显著高于正常饲喂组(P＜0.05),谷草转氨酶(AST)活力显著低于正常饲喂组(P＜0.05)。填饲组北京鸭胸肌中的水分、粗蛋白质含量和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)活力显著低于正常饲喂组(P＜0.05),肌内脂肪和甘油三酯(TG)含量显著高于正常饲喂组(P＜0.05)。③填饲组北京鸭胸肌亮度(L^*)、黄度(b^*)和蒸煮损失显著高于正常饲喂组(P＜0.05)。④填饲组北京鸭胸肌中C22∶5 n-6含量和多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸(PUFA/SFA)显著低于正常饲喂组(P＜0.05),C14∶0、C16∶1 n-7、C18∶1 n-9、C20∶2 n-6、C20∶3 n-6、C22∶0、总脂肪酸(FA)、不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)和单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量显著高于正常饲喂组(P＜0.05)。【结论】填饲可促进北京鸭生长发育,增强北京鸭脂肪代谢,提高胸肌肌内脂肪、不饱和脂肪酸和总脂肪酸含量,降低胸肌水分和粗蛋白质含量,且填饲组北京鸭胸肌肉蒸煮损失更高。

关键词: 北京鸭; 生长性能; 屠宰性能; 生化指标; 肉品质

Abstract: 【Objective】 This experiment was conducted to study the effect of overfeeding on growth and development,biochemical indexes,and meat quality of breast muscle in Pekin ducks.【Method】 One hundred and twenty 35-day-old Pekin ducks with similar body weights (2 529 g±40 g) were randomly divided into 2 groups (normal feeding group and overfeeding group) with 6 replicates per group and 10 ducks per replicate.The test period was 7 days,each duck in normal feeding group was fed 260 g/d on day 1-7,while each duck in overfeeding group was fed 260 g/d on day 1,300 g/d on day 2,and 420 g/d on day 3-7.At 42 days of age,2 ducks per replicate with 5 mL blood collected from the wing vein after 12 h fasting and then were slaughtered.The dressing,breast muscle and leg muscle were weighed,and percentage of dressing,breast muscle rate and leg muscle rate were calculated.The plasma and breast muscle biochemical indexes,meat quality and fatty acids in breast muscle were determined.【Result】 ① Compared with the normal feeding group,average body weight,average daily gain,dressing weight,percentage of dressing,breast muscle weight of Pekin ducks in the overfeeding group were significantly increased (P＜0.05),leg muscle weight and percentage of leg muscle were significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Feed/gain and breast muscle percentage had no significant differences between the two groups (P＞0.05).② Compared with the normal feeding group,plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) in the overfeeding group were significantly increased (P＜0.05),and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity was significantly decreased (P＜0.05).Breast muscle water content,crude protein content,and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity were significantly reduced (P＜0.05),and intermuscular fat and triglyceride (TG) contents were significantly improved (P＜0.05).③ Compared with the normal feeding group,lightness (L^*),yellow ness (b^*),and cooking losses of breast muscle in the overfeeding group were significantly increased (P＜0.05).④ Compared with the normal feeding group,the contents of C22∶5 n-6 and polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA) of breast muscle in the overfeeding group were significantly decreased (P＜0.05),while the contents of C14∶0,C16∶1 n-7,C18∶1 n-9,C20∶2 n-6,C20∶3 n-6,C22∶0,fatty acid (FA),unsaturated fatty acid (UFA),and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) of breast muscle in the overfeeding group were significantly increased (P＜0.05).【Conclusion】 Overfeeding promoted the growth and development of Pekin ducks,enhanced the fat metabolism,increased the contents of intermuscular fat,total fatty acid,and unsaturated fatty acid in the breast muscle,decreased water and crude protein contents in the breast muscle,and the breast muscle meat cooking loss was higher in the overfeeding group.

Key words: Pekin ducks; growth performance; slaughtering performance; biochemical indexes; meat quality

中图分类号:

S834⁺.81

庄蕾, 赵子涛, 吴永保, 曹俊婷, 郭艳红, 吴占月, 吴森, 闻治国. 填饲对北京鸭生长发育、胸肌生化指标和肉品质的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2023, 50(8): 3093-3101.

ZHUANG Lei, ZHAO Zitao, WU Yongbao, CAO Junting, GUO Yanhong, WU Zhanyue, WU Sen, WEN Zhiguo. Effects of Overfeeding on Growth and Development,Biochemical Indexes, and Meat Quality of Breast Muscle in Pekin Ducks[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2023, 50(8): 3093-3101.

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