过瘤胃胆碱和有机铬对围产期奶牛免疫及抗氧化功能的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.12.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】试验通过研究饲粮中添加过瘤胃胆碱和有机铬对围产期奶牛免疫及抗氧化功能的影响，旨在为过瘤胃胆碱和有机铬在围产期奶牛饲粮中的科学应用提供理论依据。【方法】选取40头健康、经产（平均胎次1~2）的中国荷斯坦奶牛，随机分为4组（每组10头牛）：对照组（T_O），基础饲粮；胆碱组（T_C），基础饲粮＋30 g/d过瘤胃胆碱；有机铬组（T_A），基础饲粮＋8 g/d蛋氨酸铬；混合组（T_CA），基础饲粮＋30 g/d过瘤胃胆碱＋8 g/d蛋氨酸铬。试验处理从产前20 d至产后20 d，记录奶牛产后4周内日均产奶量，分别于产前第20、10天和产犊日、产后第10、20天，于晨饲前采集血样，测定血清抗氧化（谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD））及免疫（白介素-1（IL-1）、白介素-6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α））功能指标。【结果】与对照组相比，3个试验组奶牛产后4周内日均产奶量均显著提高（P<0.05）；产前各组奶牛血清GSH-Px、CAT含量无显著差异（P>0.05），但试验组奶牛血清SOD含量显著降低（P<0.05）；产犊日至产后第10天，胆碱组和有机铬组奶牛血清GSH-Px、CAT和SOD含量均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）；产后第20天，胆碱组血清GSH-Px、CAT含量均显著低于高于对照组、有机铬组和混合组，而血清SOD含量却显著降低（P<0.05）；整个试验周期内，胆碱组奶牛血清IL-1含量显著低于对照组及有机铬组和混合组（P<0.05），IL-6和TNF-α含量却显著提高（P<0.05）。【结论】综上所述，本试验条件下，饲粮中单独添加30 g/d过瘤胃胆碱或8 g/d有机铬可明显降低围产期奶牛机体氧化应激水平，提高产奶量和机体免疫力，改善奶牛健康状况，联合添加过瘤胃胆碱和有机铬与单独添加效果差异不明显。

关键词: 过瘤胃胆碱; 有机铬; 围产期奶牛; 免疫功能; 抗氧化功能

Abstract: 【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rumen-protected choline and organic-chromium on immunity and antioxidant properties of perinatal dairy cows, and provide scientific guidance and theoretical basis for the application of rumen-protected choline and organo-chromium in perinatal dairy cow diets.【Method】 Forty healthy Chinese Holstein cows (average parity was 1 to 2) were randomly divided into 4 groups with 10 cows per group.Cows in control group were fed the basal diet, cows in the choline group were fed the basal diet ＋30 g/d rumen-protect choline, cows in the organic chromium group were fed the basal diet ＋8 g/d chromium methionine, and cows in the mixed group were fed basal diet ＋ 30 g/d rumen-protect choline ＋8 g/d chromium methionine.The experiment lasted from day 20 before delivery to day 20 after delivery.The average daily milk production was recorded within 4 weeks postpartum.The blood samples were collected at 20 and 10 days before parturition, delivery day, 10 and 20 days after parturition, respectively, before morning meal.The contents of serum antioxidant(GSH-Px, CAT and SOD) and immunity properties indexs (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α) were dectected.【Result】 Compared with the control group, the average daily milk yield of choline, organic-chromium and mixed groups were significantly increased within 4 weeks postpartm (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the serum GSH-Px and CAT contents of the dairy cows among groups prepartum(P>0.05), but the serum SOD contents in three experimental groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05).On the day of delivery, day 10 after delivery, the contents of serum GSH-Px, CAT and SOD in choline and organic-chromium groups were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05).On the day 20 after delivery, serum GSH-Px and CAT contents in choline group were significantly lower than those in control, organic chromium and mixed groups (P<0.05), while serum SOD contents were significantly decreased (P<0.05).In the whole trail period, the content of serum IL-1 was significant lower than that in control, choline and organic-chromium groups, but the contents of serum IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly increased (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 Supplement of 30 g/d remen-protect choline or 8 g/d organic chromium could significantly decrease the oxidative stress level, increase milk yield and immunity, and improve the heath status of dairy cows. There was no signicant difference between the effect of combined supplement and single supplement.

Key words: rumen-protected choline; organic-chromium; perinatal dairy cows; immunity; antioxidant properties

中图分类号:

S816.7

李向宝, 徐小辉, 安秀秀, 魏学良, 徐玉薇, 王媛媛, 陈诗. 过瘤胃胆碱和有机铬对围产期奶牛免疫及抗氧化功能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(12): 4646-4653.

LI Xiangbao, XU Xiaohui, AN Xiuxiu, WEI Xueliang, XU Yuwei, WANG Yuanyuan, CHEN Shi. Effects of Rumen-protected Choline and Organo-chromium on Immunity and Antioxidant Properties of Perinatal Dairy Cows[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(12): 4646-4653.

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