猪脾脏结构和功能及其免疫关键基因研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.06.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 脾脏作为猪最大的次级淋巴器官，含有多种免疫活性细胞和免疫因子，是先天性免疫和适应性免疫重要的应答场所，具有广泛的免疫调控功能；同时可清除衰老、损伤红细胞及过滤病原体，并在造血和储藏血细胞方面具有重要作用。这些功能与脾脏的结构密切相关，其中红髓主要作为血液滤过器，执行造血、储血和清除异物的功能；白髓是免疫的主要区域，含有多种免疫细胞，可执行特异性免疫应答调控功能；而边缘区是连接两个区室的重要桥梁，使所有细胞和抗原都能通过其进入脾脏不同部位。不同的发育和免疫关键基因是实现脾脏功能的根本，发育基因的表达保证了其结构的完整，为脾脏执行各种功能提供空间。免疫关键基因的表达确保了免疫反应进行，其中不同模式识别受体基因的表达保证了先天性免疫的吞噬和识别应答，而各种免疫细胞分泌的多种细胞因子和免疫活性物质是获得性免疫反应的基础，实现机体清除和监控抗原的生理过程。随着脾脏研究的深入，对其各种免疫细胞和免疫功能有了新的认识。作者首先阐述了脾脏组织不同区域的生物学功能；然后结合机体免疫应答机制，论述脾脏先天性和特异性免疫功能以及所需免疫细胞和免疫因子的作用与关联；最后简单介绍了脾脏胚胎期和出生后期的组织发育和免疫相关基因，总结了猪脾脏先天性免疫中重要的模式识别受体及其基因家族，为研究猪脾脏先天性免疫功能提供参考。

关键词: 脾脏; 组织结构; 免疫功能; 先天性免疫; 调控基因

Abstract: The spleen,as the largest secondary lymphoid organ in pigs,contains a variety of immune-active cells and immune factors.It is an important organ of response and regulation for innate and adaptive immunity,and has extensive immune regulatory functions.At the same time,it can remove old aged and damaged red blood cells,filter out pathogens,play an important role in hematopoiesis and blood cells storage.These functions are closely related to the structure of the spleen.Among them,the red pulp is mainly used as a blood filter to perform the functions of hematopoiesis,blood storage and foreign objects removal.The white pulp is the main area ofimmunization,containing varieties of immune cells,which can perform the functions of specific immunity and response regulatory.The marginal zone is a key bridge which connects the red and white pulps,allowing all immune cells and antigens to enter different parts of spleen.Different key genes are fundamental for development and immunity to the realization of spleen function.The expression of developmental related genes guarantees the structural integrity and provides chance for the spleen to perform various functions.The expression of key immune genes ensures the immune response,in which the expression of different pattern recognition receptor genes ensures the phagocytosis and recognition response of innate immunity,and a variety of cytokines and immunoactive substances secreted by various immune cells are acquired.The basis of the immune response is the physiological process of antigens clearance and monitoring.With the development of spleen research,a new understanding of its various immune cells and immune functions has been gained.This article firstly explained the biological functions of different components of spleen,then discussed their functions of innate and specific immune,and the role and connection of the vital immune cells and immune factors.In the end,the development of spleen tissues and immune related genes which in embryonic and postnatal period were introduced,and the important pattern recognition receptors and their gene family in innate immunity of spleen in pig were summarized,which can provide reference for the study of innate immune function of spleen in pig.

Key words: spleen; tissue structure; immune function; innate immune; regulatory genes

中图分类号:

R392.1

宋宇琨, 何俊. 猪脾脏结构和功能及其免疫关键基因研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(6): 1709-1718.

SONG Yukun, HE Jun. Research Progress on Structure,Function and Its Key Immune Genes of Spleen in Pigs[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(6): 1709-1718.

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