不同断奶模式对犊牦牛生长发育、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.09.014

中国畜牧兽医 ›› 2022, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (9): 3400-3410.doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.09.014

不同断奶模式对犊牦牛生长发育、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

魏佳^1,2, 柏琴^1,2, 罗晓林², 官久强², 安添午², 赵洪文², 谭武³, 李华德², 谢荣清², 沙泉², 江明锋¹, 张翔飞²

1. 西南民族大学, 青藏高原动物遗传资源保护与利用教育部和四川省重点实验室, 成都 610041;
2. 四川省草原科学研究院, 成都 611731;
3. 阿坝州红原县刷经寺镇人民政府壤口便民服务站, 阿坝 624400

收稿日期:2022-03-07 出版日期:2022-09-05 发布日期:2022-08-24
通讯作者: 江明锋, 张翔飞 E-mail:mingfengjiang@vip.sina.com;zxfsicau@foxmail.com
作者简介:魏佳,E-mail:wj17882085203@163.com;柏琴,E-mail:bq1278560523@163.com。
基金资助:
四川省科技厅应用基础研究项目（2020YJ0471）；四川省公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目"牦牛母体及犊牛对围产期营养调控的代谢响应机制研究"；第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目（2019QZKK0302）；国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系（CARS-37）；青海省中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（2022ZY019）；青海省科技成果转化专项（2022-NK-130）

Effects of Different Weaning Strategies on Growth, Serum Biochemical Indexes and Antioxidant Capacity of Yak Calves

WEI Jia^1,2, BAI Qin^1,2, LUO Xiaolin², GUAN Jiuqiang², AN Tianwu², ZHAO Hongwen², TAN Wu³, LI Huade², XIE Rongqing², SHA Quan², JIANG Mingfeng¹, ZHANG Xiangfei²

1. The Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Animal Genetic Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education and Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China;
2. Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611731, China;
3. Rangkou Convenience Service Station, People's Government of Shuajingsi Town, Hongyuan County, Aba Prefecture, Aba 624400, China

Received:2022-03-07 Online:2022-09-05 Published:2022-08-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本研究通过比较不同断奶模式对犊牦牛生长发育、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响，以期探索科学的犊牦牛早期培育模式。【方法】选取体重相近、健康的新生犊牦牛24头，随机分为3个处理组，每组8头，公母各半。对照组（GF）犊牦牛出生后在天然牧场内随母放牧哺乳；早期断奶组（EW）犊牦牛随母放牧哺乳至15日龄时隔离母犊，逐渐过渡为饲喂代乳粉，提供开食料及天然牧草自由采食，至犊牦牛固体饲料采食量达到0.5 kg/d时停喂代乳粉，90日龄后停喂开食料转入天然牧场放牧饲养；早期断奶＋益生菌组（EWP）断奶过程同EW组，并在代乳粉、开食料中添加复合益生菌（乳酸杆菌、芽孢杆菌、酵母菌，≥9.98×10¹¹ CFU/g）。分别于犊牦牛30、60、90、150日龄时测定体重及体尺指标，于30、60、90日龄晨饲前采集犊牦牛颈静脉血，测定血清中生化指标、激素、免疫球蛋白水平及抗氧化能力指标。【结果】 30日龄时，EW、EWP组犊牦牛体重、体尺，血清葡萄糖（GLU）、甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇（CHO），生长激素（GH）、胰岛素样生长因子1（IGF-1），以及免疫球蛋白A （IgA）、免疫球蛋白G （IgG）水平均显著低于GF组（P<0.05），EW组皮质醇水平显著高于GF组（P<0.05）；60~150日龄各组犊牦牛体重、体尺均无显著差异（P>0.05）；60日龄时，EW、EWP组犊牦牛血清IGF-1以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH）含量均显著高于GF组（P<0.05）；90日龄时EW、EWP组犊牦牛血清GLU、尿素氮（BUN）、IGF-1、甲状腺素（T₄）及IgA水平均显著高于GF组（P<0.05），且EWP组血清TG、GH含量及过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均显著高于GF组（P<0.05）。【结论】与随母放牧哺乳模式相比，两种早期断奶方式在断奶初期（30日龄）对犊牦牛均产生了一定负面影响，但在断奶后补饲代乳粉与开食料有利于改善犊牦牛后期的生长发育、营养代谢、机体免疫与抗氧化能力，且补充益生菌能够缓解犊牦牛的早期断奶应激，并对犊牦牛生长发育及抗氧化能力的提升有进一步促进作用。

关键词: 犊牦牛; 断奶模式; 生长发育; 血清生化指标; 抗氧化能力

Abstract: 【Objective】 The influences of different weaning strategies on growth, serum biochemical indexes and antioxidant capacity of yak calves were investigated in the present study, with the purpose of exploring scientific early fostering pattern in yak calves.【Method】 24 healthy newborn yak calves with similar body weight were selected and randomly divided into 3 treatment groups.8 calves (half males and half females) were assigned to each group.The calves in control group (GF) were breastfed with dam on grazing pasture, while the calves in early weaning group (EW) were breastfed for 15 days after birth and then separated from the dam.These calves were sebsequently fed with milk replacer by gradual transition, and starter concentrate and natural grass were provided for ad libitum intake.Milk replacer feeding was stopped when the starter concentrate intake of calves reached 0.5 kg/d.At 90 days of age, the calves were switched to grazing feeding on natural grassland without concentrate.Calves in early weaning with probiotics group (EWP) followed the same weaning protocol as EW group, and probiotics compound (Lactobacillus, Bacillus and yeast, ≥ 9.98×10¹¹ CFU/g) was supplemented into the milk replacer and starter concentrate.The body weight and size indexes were measured at 30, 60, 90 and 150 days of age.Blood samples were collected from jugular vein of calves before morning feeding at 30, 60 and 90 days of age.Serum samples were separated for the analysis of metabolites, hormones, immunoglobulins and antioxidant capacity.【Result】 At 30 days of age, the body weight, body size, serum glucose (GLU), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CHO), growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), and immunoglobulin A, G (IgA, IgG) concentrations of calves in EW and EWP groups were significantly lower than those in GF group (P<0.05), and the cortisol level of EW group was significantly higher than that of GF group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in body weight and body size among treatments from 60 to 150 days of age (P>0.05).At 60 days of age, the serum IGF-1, glutathione peroxidase (GSH) levels were significantly increased in EW and EWP groups compared to GF group (P<0.05).At 90 days of age, the serum GLU, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), IGF-1, thyroxine (T₄) and IgA concentrations of calves in EW and EWP groups were significantly greater than those in GF group (P<0.05).Moreover, calves in EWP group had significantly higher TG, GH concentrations and catalase (CAT) enzyme activity compared to GF group (P<0.05).【Conclusion】 In comparison with the breastfeeding model with grazing dam, both of the two early weaning strategies had a negative impact on yak calf in the early stage (30 days of age).However, the supplementations of milk replacer and starter concentrate after early weaning (60-90 days of age)were beneficial to improve the later growth, nutritional metabolism, immunity and antioxidant capacity of calves.Besides the beneficial effect of early weaning strategy, probiotics supplementation in early weaning further relieved the weaning stress, and promoted the growth and antioxidant capacity of yak calves.

Key words: yak calf; weaning strategy; growth and development; serum biochemical indexes; antioxidant capacity

中图分类号:

S823.8⁺5

魏佳, 柏琴, 罗晓林, 官久强, 安添午, 赵洪文, 谭武, 李华德, 谢荣清, 沙泉, 江明锋, 张翔飞. 不同断奶模式对犊牦牛生长发育、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(9): 3400-3410.

WEI Jia, BAI Qin, LUO Xiaolin, GUAN Jiuqiang, AN Tianwu, ZHAO Hongwen, TAN Wu, LI Huade, XIE Rongqing, SHA Quan, JIANG Mingfeng, ZHANG Xiangfei. Effects of Different Weaning Strategies on Growth, Serum Biochemical Indexes and Antioxidant Capacity of Yak Calves[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(9): 3400-3410.

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不同断奶模式对犊牦牛生长发育、血清生化指标及抗氧化能力的影响

Effects of Different Weaning Strategies on Growth, Serum Biochemical Indexes and Antioxidant Capacity of Yak Calves

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