西藏荷斯坦牛体型与产奶性状的群体特征及影响因素分析

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.01.023

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】西藏地区规模化饲养奶牛具有重要经济和社会意义,但荷斯坦牛引入高原后的生长和产奶性能通常有较大下降,本研究旨在探究荷斯坦牛在高原的体型性状和产奶性状的影响因素及其与产奶性状的相关性。【方法】收集了西藏拉萨某规模化牧场237头荷斯坦牛的20个体型外貌性状线性鉴定记录以及895条生产性能测定记录,并计算了5个部位得分(体躯容量、尻部、肢蹄、泌乳系统和乳用特征)和体型总分,使用SAS 9.2软件的GLM程序对来源牧场、胎次和鉴定员等因素进行多因素方差分析,分析西藏地区奶牛体型外貌部位得分的影响因素,并利用IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0软件的Pearson相关性分析程序计算5个部位得分、体型总分与日产奶量之间的相关系数。【结果】西藏地区荷斯坦牛20个体型外貌性状线性评分均值与最优分差值的绝对值介于0.30(体高)~3.70(后乳房附着高度)之间,5个部位得分及体型总分均值介于78.97(尻部)~87.72(体躯容量);平均日产奶量为21.23 kg,平均乳脂率和乳蛋白率分别为4.45%和3.75%,体细胞数介于(0.30~28.60)×10⁴/mL。方差分析结果表明,来源牧场和鉴定员对体型总分存在显著影响(P<0.05),入藏时长和泌乳天数对部位得分及体型总分均无显著影响(P>0.05),胎次效应仅对肢蹄得分存在显著影响(P<0.05);5个部位得分与体型总分均存在中等至高度相关(0.395~0.857),体型性状与日产奶量之间的相关性均较低,相关系数介于―0.021(体躯容量和日产奶量)~0.117(尻部和日产奶量)之间。【结论】西藏荷斯坦牛体型性状受到多种饲养管理因素的显著影响,并与产奶性状存在相关性,本研究为将来开展适应高原环境的荷斯坦牛新品系选育奠定了数据基础。

关键词: 西藏; 荷斯坦牛; 体型性状; 产奶性状; 影响因素; 相关性

Abstract: 【Objective】 The large-scale farming of Tibetan Holstein cattle had great economic meaning in this region,but the population characteristics of growth and milk production traits of Holstein cattle were generally significantly reduced after the introduction of Holstein cattle into plateau areas.This study aimed to explore the potential influencing factors of conformation traits and milk production traits of Tibetan Holstein cattle and their correlation with milk production traits. 【Method】 The linear classification records of 20 conformation traits of 237 Holstein cattle and 895 DHI records on a large-scale ranch in Lhasa,Tibet were collected,and the scores of 5 parts (body capacity,rump,feet and leg,mammary system and dairy character) and final score were calculated.The GLM procedure of SAS 9.2 software was used to analyze the influencing factors of parts scores of conformation traits of Holstein cattle,such as source pasture,parity,identifier and so on.The correlation coefficients of five parts scores,final score and daily milk yield were calculated by Pearson correlation analysis program of IBM SPSS Statistics 21 software. 【Result】 The absolute values of the deviation between the mean and ideal score of conformation traits of Holstein cattle in Tibet ranged from 0.30 (stature) to 3.70 (rear udder height),and the mean of 5 parts scores and final score ranged from 78.97 (rump) to 87.72 (body capacity).The average daily milk yield was 21.23 kg,the average percentage of milk fat and milk protein were 4.45% and 3.75%,and the somatic cell count ranged from 0.30×10⁴ to 28.60×10⁴/mL.The results of ANOVA analysis showed that the source pasture and identifier had a significant effect on final score (P<0.05),while days in Tibet and lactation days had no significant effects on the 5 parts scores and final score (P>0.05).The parity effect only had a significant effect on the feet and leg score (P<0.05).There was a medium to high significant correlation between the 5 parts scores and the final score (0.395-0.857),but the correlation between conformation traits and the daily milk yield was low,ranging from ―0.021 (body capacity and daily milk yield) to 0.117 (rump and daily milk yield). 【Conclusion】 The conformation traits of Tibetan Holstein cattle were significantly affected by a variety of feeding and management factors,and were related to milk production traits.This study laid the data foundation for the future development of large-scale breeding and regional characteristic breeding of Holstein cattle in high-altitude climate areas.

Key words: Tibet; Holstein cattle; conformation traits; milk production traits; influencing factors; correlation

中图分类号:

S823

杨家紫, 黄越川, 张海亮, 高梓萌, 赵雪莲, 王思佳, 李斌, 温东旭, 俞英, 王雅春. 西藏荷斯坦牛体型与产奶性状的群体特征及影响因素分析[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(1): 258-267.

YANG Jiazi, HUANG Yuechuan, ZHANG Hailiang, GAO Zimeng, ZHAO Xuelian, WANG Sijia, LI Bin, WEN Dongxu, YU Ying, WANG Yachun. Population Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Conformation Traits and Milk Production Traits of Holstein Cattle in Tibetan[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(1): 258-267.

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