不同水平餐桌剩余食物对肉鸡后期生长、免疫及肉质性状的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.06.014

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】本试验通过研究添加不同比例餐桌剩余食物(RPL)对肉鸡后期生长性能、屠宰性能、肉质性状、免疫器官指数及血清生化指标的影响,旨在为RPL减量替代玉米豆粕和在肉鸡养殖中的应用提供数据支持。【方法】选择1日龄白羽肉仔鸡公鸡504只,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复21只鸡。试验前期(第1~21天)饲喂相同饲粮;后期(第22~42天)设计4种饲粮,对照组饲喂玉米-豆粕基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂添加10%、20% 和30% RPL的饲粮(1/2 RPL替代玉米,1/2 RPL替代豆粕)。测定肉鸡后期生长性能,42日龄屠宰后测定屠宰性能、肉质性状、免疫器官指数及血清生化指标。【结果】与对照组相比,①添加10%、20% RPL对肉鸡生长性能影响不显著(P＞0.05),添加30% RPL显著降低平均体重、平均日采食量、平均日增重(P＜0.05),极显著提高料重比(P＜0.01)。②添加10%、20% RPL对肉鸡屠宰率、全净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率均无显著影响(P＞0.05),但添加30% RPL显著降低胸肌率(P＜0.05)。③饲粮中添加不同比例RPL对肉鸡免疫器官指数无显著影响(P＞0.05),10%、20% RPL组肉鸡血清免疫球蛋白G(IgG)含量显著升高(P＜0.05),30% RPL组血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著降低(P＜0.05)。④添加不同比例RPL对肉鸡胸肌和腿肌肉色、24、48和72 h滴水损失、酸度、蒸煮损失及剪切力均无显著影响(P＞0.05)。【结论】在肉鸡饲粮中添加10%~20% RPL对肉鸡后期生长性能、屠宰性能、肉质性状、免疫器官指数、血清生化指标等均无负面影响;RPL可替代常规饲粮中的玉米和豆粕在肉鸡养殖后期中应用。

关键词: 餐桌剩余食物; 肉鸡; 生长性能; 肉质性状

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to provide data support for the application of restaurant plate leftovers (RPL) in the replacement of corn and soybean meal with reduced feed production and broiler breeding by studying the effects of RPL inclusion ratio on growth performance,slaughter performances,meat quality,immune-organ indices,and serum biochemical indices of broilers in late growing period.【Method】 504 1-day-old White feather broilers were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups,with 6 replicates in each group and 21 broilers in each replicate.In the early stage of the experiment (1 to 21 days of age),the same diet was fed.In the later stage (22 to 42 days of age),four types of diets were designed.The broilers in control group were fed the corn-soybean meal basal diet,and in experimental groups were fed diets inclusion with 10%,20% and 30% RPL (1/2 RPL instead of corn,1/2 RPL instead of soybean meal),respectively.The growth performance of broilers was recorded,slaughter performance,meat quality,immune-organ indices and serum biochemical indices were measured after slaughter at 42 days of age.【Result】 Compared to control group,① The inclusion of 10% and 20% RPL had no significant effect on the growth performances of broilers (P＞0.05),while the inclusion of 30% RPL significantly reduced average body weight,average daily feed intake,average daily gain (P＜0.05),and extremely significantly increased the ratio of feed to gain (P＜0.01).② The inclusion 10% and 20% RPL had no significant effect on the dressing percentage,eviscerated yield percentage,breast muscle rate,and leg muscle rate of broilers (P＞0.05),while inclusion 30% RPL significantly reduced breast muscle rate (P＜0.05).③ The inclusion of different proportions of RPL to the feed had no significant effect on the immune-organ indices of broilers (P＞0.05).The serum IgG content of broilers significantly increased with the inclusion of 10% and 20% RPL (P＜0.05),while the serum SOD activity of broilers was significantly decreased with the inclusion of 30% RPL (P＜0.05).④ The inclusion of different proportions of RPL did not significantly affect the color,drip loss at 24,48 and 72 hours,acidity,cooking loss,and shear force of broiler breast and leg muscles (P＞0.05).【Conclusion】Dietary inclusion of 10% to 20% RPL had no negative impact on broiler growth performances,slaughter performances,meat quality,immune-organ indices,and serum biochemical indices of broilers in late growing period.RPL could replace corn and soybean meal in conventional diets in poultry farming.

Key words: restaurant plate leftovers; broilers; growth performance; meat quality

中图分类号:

S816.35

李世强, 董颖超, 李军国, 杨洁, 王继卿, 牛力斌, 马莹. 不同水平餐桌剩余食物对肉鸡后期生长、免疫及肉质性状的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(6): 2399-2408.

LI Shiqiang, DONG Yingchao, LI Junguo, YANG Jie, WANG Jiqing, NIU Libin, MA Ying. Effects of Restaurant Plate Leftovers with Different Inclusion Ratios on Growth Immunity and Meat Quality of Broiler in Late Growing Period[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(6): 2399-2408.

参考文献

[1] 高鹏翔,潘予琮,蒋林树,等.饲用豆粕减量替代技术的应用及新型蛋白质饲料的开发前景[J].动物营养学报,2023,35(3):1433-1443. GAO P X,PAN Y C,JIANG L S,et al.Application of alternative technology for soybean meal reduction for feed and development prospect of new protein feed[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2023,35(3):1433-1443.(in Chinese)
[2] 王辽卫.2022年饲料原料市场回顾与展望[J].猪业科学,2023,40(2):47-50. WANG L W.Feed ingredients market review and outlook in 2022[J].Swine Industry Science,2023,40(2):47-50.(in Chinese)
[3] 赵金波,黄合特,刘盈序,等.非常规饲料资源在畜禽饲料粮减量化营养调控的优化利用[J].中国饲料,2023,15:123-129. ZHAO J B,HUANG H T,LIU Y X,et al.Optimal utilization of unconventional feeding resources in reducing nutritional regulation of feed grain for livestock and poultry[J]. China Feed,2023,15:123-129.(in Chinese)
[4] 南楠.餐桌剩余食物饲料化利用现状及对策研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014. NAN N.Study of current situation and countermeasures for plate waste feedstuffs[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2014.(in Chinese)
[5] 易志刚.餐厨垃圾收运与资源化利用研究进展[J].中国资源综合利用,2021,39(12):116-119. YI Z G.Transportation and resource utilization of kitchen waste[J].China Resources Comprehensive Utilization,2021,39(12):116-119.(in Chinese)
[6] 中华人民共和国畜牧法[J].畜牧产业,2022,12:5-15. Animal Husbandry Law of the People’s Republic of China[J].Animal Agriculture,2022,12:5-15.(in Chinese)
[7] 崔艺燕,邓盾,田志梅,等.餐厨废弃物饲料化技术及其在动物生产中的应用[J].中国畜牧兽医,2021,48(12):4478-4487. CUI Y Y,DENG D,TIAN Z M,et al.Feed technology of food waste and its application in animal production[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2021,48(12):4478-4487.(in Chinese)
[8] RAJEH C,SAOUD I P,ABIAD M G.Food loss and food waste recovery as animal feed:A systematic review[J].Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management,2020,23(1):1-17.
[9] SANI U M,AL-JUGIFI W I,JABER B T,et al.Growth response,nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens fed dried kitchen waste meal as a partial replacement for corn[J]. Earth and Environmental Science,2021,761(1):012094.
[10] GIAMOURI E,PAPPAS A C,PAPADOMICHELAKIS G,et al.The food for feed concept.Performance of broilers fed hotel food residues[J]. British Poultry Science,2021,62(3):452-458.
[11] 中华人民共和国农业农村部.家禽生产性能名词术语和度量统计方法 NY/T 832—2020[S].北京:中国农业出版社,2020. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND RURAL AFFAIRS OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.Poultry production performance terminology and statistical methods for measurement NY/T 832—2020[S].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2020.(in Chinese)
[12] 中华人民共和国农业部.畜禽肉质的测定 NY/T 1333—2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007. MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA.Determination of meat quality of livestock and poultry NY/T 1333—2007[S].Beijing:China Standard Press,2007.(in Chinese)
[13] DAMRON B L,WALDROUP P W,HARMS R H.Evaluation of dried bakery products for use in broiler diets[J].Poultry Science,1965,44(4):1122-1126.
[14] 刘文博.饲料粒度和料型对肉仔鸡生产性能和体组成的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2014. LIU W B.Effects of feed particle size and feed form on performance and body composition in broilers[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2021.(in Chinese)
[15] 崔玲玲.日粮中添加脂肪酶解产物对肉鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响[D].石河子:石河子大学,2021. CUI L L.Effects of adding lipase hydrolysate to the diet on production performance and blood biochemical indexes of broilers[D].Shihezi:Shihezi University,2021.(in Chinese)
[16] 胡孟.L-组氨酸和β-丙氨酸对肉仔鸡生产性能、肉品质及肌源活性肽的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2018. HU M.Effect of dietary L-histidine and β-alanine on growth performance,meat quality and muscle-derived active peptide in broiler chicks[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2018.(in Chinese)
[17] MA S F,WANG H,DOU Y L,et al.Anti-nutritional factors and protein dispersibility index as principal quality indicators for soybean meal in diet of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus gift),a Meta-analysis[J].Animals,2022,12(14):1831.
[18] 白明昧.饲料原料蛋白质分子结构特征与其溶解度和体外消化率关系的研究[D].长春:吉林农业大学,2016. BAI M M.Relationship between molecular structure characteristics of feed proteins and protein in vitro digestibility and solubility[D].Changchun:Jilin Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[19] 李香月,李军国,李俊,等.全脂膨化大豆添加比例对肉鸡颗粒饲料质量、生长性能、养分表观代谢率及血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2023,35(7):4331-4340. LI X Y,LI J G,LI J,et al.Effects of adding proportion of full-fat extruded soybean on pellet feed quality,growth performance,nutrient apparent metabolic rates and serum biochemical indices of broilers[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2023,35(7):4331-4340.(in Chinese)
[20] 从光雷,肖蕴祺,张倩雲,等.饲粮添加化香果单宁对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能、器官指数、肉品质、抗氧化功能和肠道发育的影响[J].动物营养学报,2021,33(5):2661-2671. CONG G l,XIAO Y Q,ZHANG Q Y,et al.Effects of dietary Quercus acutissima carruth tannin on growth performance,immune organ indexes and plasma biochemical indexes of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2021,33(5):2661-2671.(in Chinese)
[21] TRUONG L,MORASH D,LIU Y H,et al.Food waste in animal feed with a focus on use for broilers[J].International Journal of Recycling of Organic Waste in Agriculture,2019,8(4):417-429.
[22] 邹小利.不同品种鸡胚胎期腿肌与胸肌发育的形态学对比研究[D].广州:华南农业大学,2016. ZOU X L.Morphological comparative study of different varieties of chicken embryonic leg muscle and breast muscle development[D].Guangzhou:South China Agricultural University,2016.(in Chinese)
[23] 张娇.蜡样芽孢杆菌PAS38对肉鸡生长性能、消化酶活性及免疫功能的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2018. ZHANG J.Effects of Bacillus cereus pas38 on the growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune function of broilers[D].Ya’an:Sichuan Agricultural University,2018.(in Chinese)
[24] SHETH S G,MANI S,TAMHANKAR H,et al.Spleen size in health and disease:A sonographic assessment[J].The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India,1995,3:182-184.
[25] BERTOCCI F,MANNINO G.Can agri-food waste be a sustainable alternative in aquaculture? A bibliometric and Meta-analytic study on growth performance,innate immune system,and antioxidant defenses[J].Foods,2022,11(13):1861.
[26] WING Y M,ZHANG C,WAI M.et,al.Use of food waste as fish feeds:Effects of prebiotic fibers (inulin and mannanoligosaccharide) on growth and non-specific immunity of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)[J].Environmental Science and Pollution Research,2015,22:17663-17671.
[27] 张静博,程鹏,赵龙妹,等.枯草芽孢杆菌对肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及免疫功能的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2022,58(5):234-238. ZHANG J B,CHENG P,ZHAO L M,et al.Effects of Bacillus subtilis on growth performance,slaughter performance and immune function of broiler chickens[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2022,58(5):234-238.(in Chinese)
[28] RAZA A,HUSSAIN J,HUSSNAIN F,et,al.Vegetable waste inclusion in broiler diets and its effect on growth performance,blood metabolites,immunity,meat mineral content and lipid oxidation status[J].Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science,2019,21:eRBCA-2019-0723.
[29] ONU P.Evaluation of two herbal spices as feed additives for finisher broilers[J]. Agricultural and Food Sciences,2010,26(5):383-392.
[30] SAMEH A,MAHMOUD A,MOHAMED E A E,et al.Growth,carcass traits,blood hematology,serum metabolites,immunity,and oxidative indices of growing rabbits fed diets supplemented with red or black pepper oils[J].Animals,2018,8(10):168.
[31] 冯倩倩,王晶,武书庚,等.低蛋白质饲粮中添加半胱氨酸对肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体组成、血清生化指标及氮代谢的影响[J].动物营养学报,2021,33(6):3259-3270. FENG Q Q,WANG J,WU S G,et al.Effects of cysteine supplementation in low protein diet on growth performance,carcass composition,serum biochemical parameters and nitrogen metabolism of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2021,33(6):3259-3270.(in Chinese)
[32] 饶巍,王玥,周斌,等.日粮色氨酸水平对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋白质代谢的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2011,47(15):38-41. RAO W,WANG Y,ZHOU B,et al.Effects of dietary tryptophan levels on production performance and protein metabolism of laying hens[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2011,47(15):38-41.(in Chinese)
[33] 马友彪,周建民,张海军,等.不同能量水平饲粮中添加白酒糟酵母培养物对肉仔鸡生长性能、胴体组成和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(1):274-283. MA Y B,ZHOU J M,ZHANG H J,et al.Effects of dietary yeast culture of white distiller’s grains in different energy level diets on growth performance,carcass composition and serum biochemical indices of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(1):274-283.(in Chinese)
[34] 马玉勇,陈凯,胡小爱,等.不同饲养模式对湘黄母鸡生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响[J].饲料工业,2023,44(21):47-51. MA Y Y,CHEN K,HU X A,et al.Effects of different feeding modes on growth performance,slaughter performance and meat quality of Hunan Yellow hens[J].Feed Industry,2023,44(21):47-51.(in Chinese)
[35] 包婉婉,胡青宁,张涛,等.七味石榴皮散对AA肉鸡屠宰性能、肉品质及血清钙、镁、磷含量的影响[J].饲料工业,2023,44(19):47-52. BAO W W,HU Q N,ZHANG T,et al.Effects of seven granatum powder on slaughter performance,meat quality and serum calcium,magnesium and phosphorus contents of AA broilers[J].Feed Industry,2023,44(19):47-52.(in Chinese)
[36] PIAO L G,YIN M C,ZHU Y X,et al.Effects of fermented food waste supplementation on growth performance and pork quality in pigs[J].Journal of Animal Science and Technology,2006,48(3):361-374.
[37] CHOE J,MOYO K M,PARK K,et al.Meat quality traits of pigs finished on food waste[J].Food Science of Animal Resources,2017,37(5):690-697.
[38] CARVALHO R H,IDA E I,MADRUGA M S,et al.Collapse of the endogenous antioxidant enzymes in post-mortem broiler thigh muscles triggers oxidative stress and impairs water-holding capacity[J].Journal of Food Science and Technology,2019,56(3):1371-1379.