肉桂醛在猪生产中的应用研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2024.10.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着全球范围内对抗生素在畜牧业中使用的严格限制，寻求安全有效的替代物成为动物生产领域的重要课题。植物源性抗菌物质因其天然、安全、环保的特点而备受关注。其中，肉桂醛作为一种来自肉桂精油的活性成分，因其显著的生物学活性而在猪生产中显示出巨大的应用潜力。文章分析了肉桂醛的抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化和免疫调节活性，回顾了肉桂醛在猪生产中的应用研究进展，探讨其在促进生长性能、改善肠道健康、优化生长环境和防治疾病等方面的实践效果与作用机制。在生长性能方面，添加肉桂醛的饲料能够提高猪的平均日增重和饲料转化率，从而为生产者带来经济效益。在改善肠道健康方面，肉桂醛能够通过维持肠道微生态平衡和增强肠道屏障功能，降低腹泻等肠道疾病的发生。在优化生长环境方面，肉桂醛的使用减少了有害气体的排放，改善了养殖环境的质量。在防治疾病方面，肉桂醛的应用也展现出积极的作用。未来需要进一步研究肉桂醛的作用机制，以更好地理解和利用其在猪生产中的生物学功能，并且要积极开展更多的临床试验验证其在不同养殖环境和猪品种中的有效性及安全性。文章旨在为相关领域的研究人员和生产者提供有益的参考，并为肉桂醛在猪生产中的进一步研究和应用奠定坚实的基础。

关键词: 肉桂醛; 精油; 饲料添加剂; 猪

Abstract: With strict restrictions on the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry worldwide，seeking safe and effective alternatives has become an important issue in the field of animal production. Plant derived antibacterial substances have attracted much attention due to their natural，safe，and environmentally friendly characteristics. Among them，cinnamaldehyde，as an active ingredient from cinnamon essential oil，has shown great potential for application in pig production due to its significant biological activity. The article analyzes the antibacterial，anti-inflammatory，antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities of cinnamaldehyde，reviews the research progress of its application in pig production，and explores its practical effects and mechanisms in promoting growth performance，improving intestinal health，optimizing growth environment，and preventing and treating diseases. In terms of growth performance，adding cinnamaldehyde to feed can improve the average daily weight gain and feed conversion rate of pigs，thereby bringing economic benefits to producers. In terms of improving intestinal health，cinnamaldehyde can reduce the occurrence of intestinal diseases such as diarrhea by maintaining the balance of intestinal microbiota and enhancing intestinal barrier function. In terms of optimizing the growth environment，the use of cinnamaldehyde reduces the emission of harmful gases and improves the quality of the aquaculture environment. In terms of disease prevention and treatment，the application of cinnamaldehyde has also shown positive effects. In the future，further research is needed on the mechanism of action of cinnamaldehyde to better understand and utilize its biological functions in pig production，and more clinical trials should be actively conducted to verify its effectiveness and safety in different breeding environments and pig breeds. The article aims to provide useful references for researchers and producers in related fields，and lay a solid foundation for further research and application of cinnamaldehyde in pig production.

Key words: cinnamaldehyde; essential oils; feed additives; pig

中图分类号:

S831.5

赵艳丽, 彭卓亚, 徐永平, 李淑英, 徐牧. 肉桂醛在猪生产中的应用研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2024, 51(10): 4373-4382.

ZHAO Yanli, PENG Zhuoya, XU Yongping, LI Shuying, XU Mu. Research Progress on the Application of Cinnamaldehyde in Pig Production[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2024, 51(10): 4373-4382.

参考文献

[1] VAN BOECKEL T P，BROWER C，GILBERT M，et al. Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America，2015,112(18): 5649-5654.
[2] ZHANG C，FAN L，FAN S，et al. Cinnamomum cassia presl: A review of its traditional uses，phytochemistry，pharmacology and toxicology[J]. Molecules，2019,24(19):3473.
[3] ZHAO B，WANG T，CHEN J，et al. Effects of dietary supplementation with a carvacrol-cinnamaldehyde-thymol blend on growth performance and intestinal health of nursery pigs[J]. Porcine Health Management，2023,9(1):24.
[4] LI S Y，RU Y J，LIU M，et al. The effect of essential oils on performance，immunity and gut microbial population in weaner pigs[J]. Livestock Science，2012,145(1-3): 119-123.
[5] FRANKIC T，LEVART A，SALOBIR J. The effect of vitamin E and plant extract mixture composed of carvacrol，cinnamaldehyde and capsaicin on oxidative stress induced by high PUFA load in young pigs[J]. Animal，2010,4(4): 572-578.
[6] USAI F，SOTTO A D. trans-cinnamaldehyde as a novel candidate to overcome bacterial resistance: An overview of in vitro studies[J]. Antibiotics-Basel，2023,12(2):254.
[7] DHARA L，TRIPATHI A. Cinnamaldehyde: A compound with antimicrobial and synergistic activity against ESBL-producing quinolone-resistant pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae[J]. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases，2020,39(1): 65-73.
[8] YIN L Z，CHEN J H，WANG K Y，et al. Study the antibacterial mechanism of cinnamaldehyde against drug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila in vitro[J]. Microbial Pathogenesis，2020,145:104208.
[9] PANG D R，HUANG Z X，LI Q，et al. Antibacterial mechanism of cinnamaldehyde: Modulation of biosynthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry，2021,69(45): 13628-13636.
[10] WANG Y，ZHANG Y，SHI Y Q，et al. Antibacterial effects of cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) bark essential oil on Porphyromonas gingivalis[J]. Microbial Pathogenesis，2018,116: 26-32.
[11] JIANG X，KANG R，YU T，et al. Cinnamaldehyde targets the LytTR DNA-binding domain of the response regulator AgrA to attenuate biofilm formation of Listeria monocytogenes[J]. Microbiology Spectrum，2023,11(3):e0030023.
[12] DU G F，YIN X F，YANG D H，et al. Proteomic investigation of the antibacterial mechanism of trans-cinnamaldehyde against Escherichia coli[J]. Journal of Proteome Research，2021,20(5): 2319-2328.
[13] LEE J E，JUNG M，LEE S C，et al. Antibacterial mode of action of trans-cinnamaldehyde derived from cinnamon bark (Cinnamomumverum) essential oil against Agrobacterium tumefaciens[J]. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology，2020,165:104546.
[14] DOMADIA P，SWARUP S，BHUNIA A，et al. Inhibition of bacterial cell division protein FtsZ by cinnamaldehyde[J]. Biochemical Pharmacology，2007,74(6): 831-840.
[15] HUANG C M，LEE T T. Immunomodulatory effects of phytogenics in chickens and pigs——A review[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences，2018,31(5): 617-627.
[16] LIU Y，SONG M，CHE T M，et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of several plant extracts on porcine alveolar macrophages in vitro[J]. Journal of Animal Science，2012,90(8): 2774-2783.
[17] LUO Q，LI N，ZHENG Z，et al. Dietary cinnamaldehyde supplementation improves the growth performance，oxidative stability，immune function，and meat quality in finishing pigs[J]. Livestock Science，2020,240:104221.
[18] JIANG X R，LI X L，AWATI A，et al. Effect of an essential oils blend on growth performance，and selected parameters of oxidative stress and antioxidant defence of Escherichia coli challenged piglets[J]. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences，2017,26(1): 38-43.
[19] WILLIAMS A R，HANSEN T，KRYCH L，et al. Dietary cinnamaldehyde enhances acquisition of specific antibodies following helminth infection in pigs[J]. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology，2017,189: 43-52.
[20] PARENTI A，DE LOGU F，GEPPETTI P，et al. What is the evidence for the role of TRP channels in inflammatory and immune cells?[J]. British Journal of Pharmacology，2016,173(6): 953-969.
[21] ROSSI B，TOSCHI A，PIVA A，et al. Single components of botanicals and nature-identical compounds as a non-antibiotic strategy to ameliorate health status and improve performance in poultry and pigs[J].Nutrition Research Reviews，2020,33(2): 218-234.
[22] VAN LIEFFERINGE E，MULLER M，VAN NOTEN N，et al. Cinnamaldehyde induces release of cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide 1 by interacting with transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 in a porcine ex-vivo intestinal segment model[J]. Animals，2021,11(8):2262.
[23] MANNECK D，MANZ G，BRAUN H，et al. The TRPA1 agonist cinnamaldehyde induces the secretion of HCO^-₃ by the porcine colon[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences，2021,22(10):5198.
[24] WANG L，HOU Y，YI D，et al. Beneficial roles of dietary oleumcinnamomi in alleviating intestinal injury[J]. Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark，2015,20(5): 814-828.
[25] JIANG X R，AWATI A，AGAZZI A，et al. Effects of a blend of essential oils and an enzyme combination on nutrient digestibility，ileum histology and expression of inflammatory mediators in weaned piglets[J]. Animal, 2015,9(3): 417-426.
[26] MO K，LI J，LIU F，et al. Superiority of microencapsulated essential oils compared with common essential oils and antibiotics: Effects on the intestinal health and gut microbiota of weaning piglet[J]. Frontiers in Nutrition，2022,8:808106.
[27] NOFRARIAS M，MANZANILLA E G，PUJOLS J，et al. Effects of spray-dried porcine plasma and plant extracts on intestinal morphology and on leukocyte cell subsets of weaned pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science，2006,84(10): 2735-2742.
[28] LI P，PIAO X，RU Y，et al. Effects of adding essential oil to the diet of weaned pigs on performance，nutrient utilization，immune response and intestinal health[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2012,25(11): 1617-1626.
[29] ZENG Z K，XU X，ZHANG Q，et al. Effects of essential oil supplementation of a low-energy diet on performance，intestinal morphology and microflora，immune properties and antioxidant activities in weaned pigs[J]. Animal Science Journal，2015,86(3): 279-285.
[30] TIAN Q，PIAO X. Essential oil blend could decrease diarrhea prevalence by improving antioxidative capability for weaned pigs[J]. Animals，2019,9(10):847.
[31] SHAO Y R，PENG Q Y，WU Y L，et al. The effect of an essential oil blend on growth performance，intestinal health，and microbiota in early-weaned piglets[J]. Nutrients，2023,15(2):450.
[32] ZHANG Y Y，LI Q，WANG Z X，et al. Dietary supplementation with a complex of cinnamaldehyde，carvacrol，and thymol negatively affects the intestinal function in LPS-challenged piglets[J]. Frontiers in Veterinary Science，2023,10:1098579.
[33] MANZANILLA E G，PEREZ J F，MARTIN M，et al. Dietary protein modifies effect of plant extracts in the intestinal ecosystem of the pig at weaning[J]. Journal of Animal Science，2009,87(6): 2029-2037.
[34] CASTILLO M，MARTÍN-ORE S M，ROCA M，et al. The response of gastrointestinal microbiota to avilamycin，butyrate，and plant extracts in early-weaned pigs1,2[J].Journal of Animal Science，2006,84(10): 2725-2734.
[35] MANZANILLA E G，NOFRARIAS M，ANGUITA M，et al. Effects of butyrate，avilamycin，and a plant extract combination on the intestinal equilibrium of early-weaned pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science，2006,84(10): 2743-2751.
[36] JIMÉNEZ M J，BERRIOS R，STELZHAMMER S，et al. Ingestion of organic acids and cinnamaldehyde improves tissue homeostasis of piglets exposed to enterotoxic Escherichia coli (ETEC)[J]. Journal of Animal Science，2020,98(2): a12.
[37] MANZANILLA E G，PEREZ J F，MARTIN M，et al. Effect of plant extracts and formic acid on the intestinal equilibrium of early-weaned pigs[J]. Journal of Animal Science，2004,82(11): 3210-3218.
[38] YANG C，ZHANG L，CAO G，et al. Effects of dietary supplementation with essential oils and organic acids on the growth performance，immune system，fecal volatile fatty acids，and microflora community in weaned piglets[J]. Journal of Animal Science，2019,97(1): 133-143.
[39] HSU J，LO S，LIN Y，et al. Effects of essential oil mixtures on nitrogen metabolism and odor emission via in vitro simulated digestion and in vivo growing pig experiments[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture，2022,102(5): 1939-1947.
[40] YAN L，KIM I H. Effect of eugenol and cinnamaldehyde on the growth performance，nutrient digestibility，blood characteristics，fecal microbial shedding and fecal noxious gas content in growing pigs[J]. Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences，2012,25(8): 1178-1183.
[41] BLAVI L，SOLA-ORIOL D，MALLO J J，et al. Anethol，cinnamaldehyde，and eugenol inclusion in feed affects postweaning performance and feeding behavior of piglets[J]. Journal of Animal Science，2016,94(12): 5262-5271.
[42] VAL-LAILLET D，ELMORE J S，BAINES D，et al. Long-term exposure to sensory feed additives during the gestational and postnatal periods affects sows’ colostrum and milk sensory profiles，piglets’ growth，and feed intake [J]. Journal of Animal Science，2018,96(8): 3233-3248.
[43] BAMPIDIS V，AZIMONTI G，BASTOS M D L，et al. Safety and efficacy of feed additives consisting of essential oils from the bark and the leaves of Cinnamomumverum J. Presl (cinnamon bark oil and cinnamon leaf oil) for use in all animal species (FEFANA asbl)[J]. The European Food Safety Authority Journal，2022,20(10): e7600.
[44] LEBEL G，VAILLANCOURT K，BERCIER P，et al. Antibacterial activity against porcine respiratory bacterial pathogens and in vitro biocompatibility of essential oils[J]. Archives of Microbiology，2019,201(6): 833-840.
[45] DE AGUIAR F C，SOLARTE A L，TARRADAS C，et al. Combined effect of conventional antimicrobials with essential oils and their main components against resistant Streptococcus suis strains[J]. Letters in Applied Microbiology，2019,68(6): 562-572.
[46] DE AGUIAR F C，SOLARTE A L，GOMEZ-GASCON L，et al. Antimicrobial susceptibility of cinnamon and red and common thyme essential oils and their main constituent compounds against Streptococcus suis[J]. Letters in Applied Microbiology，2022,74(1): 63-72.
[47] GOMEZ-GARCIA M，ARGUELLO H，PUENTE H，et al. In-depth in vitro evaluation of the activity and mechanisms of action of organic acids and essential oils against swine enteropathogenic bacteria[J]. Frontiers in Veterinary Science，2020,7:572947.
[48] VANDE MAELE L，HEYNDRICKX M，MAES D，et al. In vitro susceptibility of Brachyspira hyodysenteriae to organic acids and essential oil components[J]. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science，2016,78(2): 325-328.
[49] WILLIAMS A R，RAMSAY A，HANSEN T V A，et al. Anthelmintic activity of trans-cinnamaldehyde and A- and B-type proanthocyanidins derived from cinnamon (Cinnamomumverum)[J]. Scientific Reports，2015,5: 1-12.
[50] NWANADE C F，WANG M，YU Z，et al. Biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the response of Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae) to Cinnamomum cassia essential oil and its major constituent[J]. Journal of Pest Science，2024,97:99-111.
[51] SI W，GONG J，CHANAS C，et al. In vitro assessment of antimicrobial activity of carvacrol，thymolandcinnamaldehyde towards Salmonella serotype Typhimurium DT104: Effects of pig diets and emulsification in hydrocolloids[J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology，2006,101(6): 1282-1291.
[52] LIANG D，FENG B，LI N，et al. Preparation，characterization，and biological activity of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil nano-emulsion[J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry，2022,86: 106009.
[53] MICHIELS J，MISSOTTEN J，DIERICK N，et al. In vitro degradation and in vivo passage kinetics of carvacrol，thymol，eugenol and trans-cinnamaldehyde along the gastrointestinal tract of piglets[J]. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture，2008,88(13): 2371-2381.
[54] ROSSI B，TOSCHI A，PIVA A，et al. Single components of botanicals and nature-identical compounds as a non-antibiotic strategy to ameliorate health status and improve performance in poultry and pigs[J]. Nutrition Research Reviews，2020,33(2): 218-234.
[55] LAI W S，LIU Y L，KUANG Y H，et al. Preparation and evaluation of microcapsules containing Rimulus cinnamon and Angelica sinenis essential oils[J]. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology，2023,44(14):2639-2650.