β-葡聚糖的生物学功能及在水产养殖中的应用

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.12.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： β-葡聚糖来源广泛，主要存在于植物和微生物细胞壁中，由葡聚糖单体构成，具有多种结构，因其侧链残基种类和数量的不同而具有多种生物学功能，如通过降低炎症相关基因表达及提高免疫因子的表达发挥调节免疫的作用；通过减少脂质的产生和吸收发挥调节脂质代谢的作用；通过提高抗氧化酶、自由基、超氧阴离子的清除活性及激活Nrf2信号通路、上调抗氧化基因的表达来增强机体的抗氧化能力，发挥抗氧化作用；通过增强缺氧耐受性及提高抗氨氮应激能力、能量代谢和抗氧化酶基因的表达等发挥抗应激作用。自抗生素禁用以来，β-葡聚糖在水产动物中的研究和应用逐渐深入，β-葡聚糖在预防水产动物疾病和减少抗生素使用等方面发挥着重要作用。在水产养殖中，β-葡聚糖可通过提高消化酶活性、改善肠道结构、优化肠道菌群及增强非特异性免疫力来提高水产动物生长性能，β-葡聚糖的联合使用比添加单一种类的免疫刺激剂具有更好的免疫效果。作者就β-葡聚糖的结构特征、生物学活性、作用机制及在水产动物中的应用进行了综述，并对β-葡聚糖今后的发展方向进行了展望，为实现水产动物生态健康养殖提供材料。

关键词: β-葡聚糖; 水产动物; 营养; 免疫; 抗氧化

Abstract: β-glucan comes from a wide range of sources, it mainly exists in plant and microbial cell walls and is composed of glucan monomers.β-glucan has a variety of structures, which has a variety of biological functions due to the variety and number of side chain residues.β-glucan can regulate immunity by reducing the expression of inflammation related genes and increasing the expression of immune factors, it plays a role in regulating lipid metabolism by reducing the production and absorption of lipids. By improving the scavenging activity of antioxidant enzymes, free radicals and superoxide anions, activating Nrf2 signaling pathway and up-regulating the expression of antioxidant genes, β-glucan can enhance the antioxidant capacity of the body and play the role of antioxidant.β-glucan can enhance the hypoxia tolerance, improve the ability to resist ammonia nitrogen stress, energy metabolism and the expression of antioxidant enzyme genes, and play an anti-stress effect.Since the prohibition of antibiotics, the research and application of β-glucan in aquatic animals have been gradually deepened, and β-glucan plays an important role in preventing aquatic animal diseases and reducing the use of antibiotics.In aquaculture, β-glucan can improve the growth performance of aquatic animals by increasing digestive enzyme activity, improving intestinal structure, optimizing intestinal flora and enhancing non-specific immunity.The combination of β-glucan has a better immune effect than the addition of a single type of immune stimulant.In this paper, the structural characteristics, biological activities, mechanism of action and application effects of β-glucan in aquatic animals were summarized, and the future development direction of β-glucan was prospected, which provides materials for realizing the ecological and healthy aquaculture of aquatic animals.

Key words: β-glucan; aquatic animals; nutrition; immune; antioxidant

中图分类号:

S963.3⁺1

侯冬强, 赵红霞, 彭凯, 曹俊明. β-葡聚糖的生物学功能及在水产养殖中的应用[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(12): 4625-4634.

HOU Dongqiang, ZHAO Hongxia, PENG Kai, CAO Junming. Biological Function of β-glucan and Its Application in Aquaculture[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2022, 49(12): 4625-4634.

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