奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌特异性噬菌体的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.06.032

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】探究金黄色葡萄球菌性奶牛乳房炎的噬菌体生物防治方法。【方法】利用双层琼脂平板培养法从奶牛粪便和废水中分离鉴定奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌Sau2703特异性噬菌体，对其效价、超微形态结构和最佳感染复数进行研究，绘制噬菌体一步生长曲线，并对其热稳定性、pH稳定性、紫外线敏感性及裂菌谱进行研究。【结果】成功分离1株奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌Sau2703特异性噬菌体，命名为PhageSau2703。噬菌体PhageSau2703效价高达4.62×10¹⁵ PFU/mL。透射电子显微镜下噬菌体PhageSau2703具有正多面体头部(直径71 nm)和不可收缩尾巴(长106 nm，直径11 nm)，最佳感染复数为0.001。噬菌体PhageSau2703热稳定性较好，90 ℃处理90 min仍具有较低的活性；在pH 3.0～8.0范围内活性稳定，对酸性环境的耐受能力高于碱性环境；紫外线对噬菌体PhageSau2703活性影响较小。噬菌体PhageSau2703潜伏期为20 min，爆发期为50 min，爆发量为112 PFU/cell。噬菌体PhageSau2703对奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌的裂解率为48.5%，裂菌谱较广。【结论】噬菌体PhageSau2703效价高、裂菌谱广，对温度、pH和紫外线耐受能力强，具有研发为金黄色葡萄球菌噬菌体生物制剂用于奶牛乳房炎防治的潜力。

关键词: 奶牛乳房炎; 金黄色葡萄球菌; 噬菌体

Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study was to explore the bacteriophage biological control method for Staphylococcus aureus induced bovine mastitis.【Method】 A strain of bacteriophage specific for Staphylococcus aureus Sau2703 was isolated and purified from cow feces and wastewater using a double-layer agar plate culture method.The titer,ultrastructure and optimal multiplicity of infection were studied.The one-step growth curve of bacterio phage was drawn,and its thermal stability,pH stability,UV sensitivity and fission spectrum were studied.【Result】 A specific bacteriophage of Staphylococcus aureus Sau2703 from bovine mastitis was successfully isolated and named as PhageSau2703.The titer of bacteriophage PhageSau2703 was as high as 4.62×10¹⁵ PFU/mL.Under transmission electron microscopy,the head of PhageSau2703 was icosahedral with a diameter of approximately 71 nm and an non contracting long tail,measuring 106 nm in length and 11 nm in diameter.The optimal multiplicity of infection of PhageSau2703 was 0.001,PhageSau2703 had high thermal stability and still exhibited low activity after being treated at 90 ℃ for 90 min.PhageSau2703 was stable at pH 3.0-8.0,and the tolerance to acidic environments was higher than that to alkaline environments.Ultraviolet radiation had little effect on the activity of PhageSau2703.The incubation period of PhageSau2703 was about 20 min,the outbreak period was about 50 min,and the cleavage volume was about 112 PFU/cell.The cleavage rate of bovine mastitis associated Staphylococcus aureus was 48.5%.The host spectrum of PhageSau2703 was wide.【Conclusion】 Bacteriophage PhageSau2703 had high titer,wide spectrum of fission bacteria,and strong tolerance to temperature,pH and UV light.It had the potential to be developed as a Staphylococcus aureus bacterio phage biological agent for the prevention and treatment of bovine mastitis.

Key words: bovine mastitis; Staphylococcus aureus; bacteriophage

中图分类号:

李托, 杜媛媛, 屈雷, 李陇平. 奶牛乳房炎源金黄色葡萄球菌特异性噬菌体的分离鉴定及生物学特性研究[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(6): 2800-2808.

LI Tuo, DU Yuanyuan, QU Lei, LI Longping. Isolation,Identification and Characterization of Specific Bacteriophage of Staphylococcus aureus from Bovine Mastitis[J]. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(6): 2800-2808.

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