线粒体在家畜卵母细胞成熟过程中的调控机制研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.05.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 卵母细胞发育成熟依赖于线粒体产生大量三磷酸腺苷(adenosine triphosphate,ATP)，以维持成熟所必要的转录和翻译。此外，线粒体还承载着类固醇生成的限速作用。因此，线粒体功能障碍通常会造成不良妊娠结局。体外培养液的非理性环境、氧化应激等不利因素易使卵母细胞线粒体受损，造成ATP、线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)拷贝数下降，活性氧(reactive oxygen species，ROS)水平升高，纺锤体组装受阻，降低卵母细胞成熟率和发育潜能。研究表明，褪黑素、白藜芦醇等外源物质可改善卵母细胞线粒体功能，提高卵母细胞成熟率。虽然提高线粒体质量有助于提高家畜卵母细胞体外生产效率，但其具体调控机制仍不清晰。因此，有必要对线粒体在卵母细胞中的作用机制进行深入探究。笔者简要介绍了线粒体结构和功能，重点综述了线粒体调控卵母细胞成熟的多种机制，包括卵母细胞成熟的信号调控、mtDNA与卵母细胞发育、卵母细胞线粒体能量学与动力学，提出了改善卵母细胞线粒体的方法，并对其研究前景进行了展望，旨在为探究通过靶向改善线粒体功能提高家畜卵母细胞发育能力提供参考。

关键词: 线粒体; 卵母细胞; 成熟率; 氧化应激

Abstract: Oocytes develop and mature depending on the mitochondria to produce large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to maintain transcription and translation necessary for maturation.In addition,mitochondria also carry the rate-limiting effect of steroid production.Therefore,mitochondrial dysfunction often leads to adverse pregnancy outcomes.The irrational environment,oxidative stress and other adverse factors in vitro culture medium are easy to damage oocyte mitochondria,resulting in the decrease of ATP and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number,the increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS),the obstruction of spindle assembly,and the decrease of oocyte maturation rate and development potential.Studies have shown that exogenous substances such as melatonin and resveratrol can improve the mitochondrial function of oocytes and increase the maturation rate of oocytes.Although improving the quality of mitochondria can improve the production efficiency of domestic animal oocytes in vitro,the specific regulatory mechanism is still unclear.Therefore,it is necessary to investigate the mechanism of mitochondria in oocytes.The author briefly introduced the structure and function of mitochondria.Several mechanisms of mitochondrial regulation of oocyte maturation were reviewed,including signaling regulation of oocyte maturation,mtDNA and oocyte development,oocyte mitochondrial energetics and dynamics.The methods to improve oocyte mitochondria was proposed and its research prospect was prospected,aiming to provide reference for exploring the development ability of domestic animal oocytes through targeted improvement of mitochondrial function.

Key words: mitochondrion; oocyte; maturing rate; oxidative stress

中图分类号:

S814

高子浩, 李嘉, 张琳惠, 张慈, 刘炳男, 李俊杰, 夏威. 线粒体在家畜卵母细胞成熟过程中的调控机制研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(5): 2232-2242.

GAO Zihao, LI Jia, ZHANG Linhui, ZHANG Ci, LIU Bingnan, LI Junjie, XIA Wei. Research Progress on the Regulatory Mechanisms of Mitochondria in the Maturation of Domestic Animal Oocytes[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(5): 2232-2242.

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