新疆褐牛与中国西门塔尔牛乳尿素氮的遗传参数估计

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.03.022

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】全面评估新疆褐牛与中国西门塔尔牛的健康与营养状态，进而优化饲养管理策略，以期达到提升其整体生产性能的目的。【方法】收集新疆地区4个牛场2016―2023年间702头新疆褐牛(1 085条)和4 079头中国西门塔尔牛(6 352条)奶牛生产性能测定(DHI)数据，利用SAS 9.2软件分析测定场、产犊年份、产犊季节和胎次对乳尿素氮的影响，通过DMU软件构建单性状重复力模型，估计新疆褐牛与中国西门塔尔牛乳尿素氮的遗传参数。【结果】测定场、产犊年份对新疆褐牛和中国西门塔尔牛乳尿素氮均有极显著影响(P＜0.01)；产犊季节对中国西门塔尔牛乳尿素氮有极显著影响(P＜0.01)；胎次对新疆褐牛和中国西门塔尔乳尿素氮有显著或极显著影响(P＜0.05；P＜0.01)。新疆褐牛与中国西门塔尔牛乳尿素氮的遗传力估计值分别为0.10±0.05和0.15±0.03，均属于低遗传力性状；乳尿素氮平均估计育种值均随产犊年份增加整体呈上升趋势。【结论】两个品种牛的乳尿素氮均为低遗传力性状，近几年中国西门塔尔牛乳尿素氮的遗传趋势上升，而新疆褐牛呈下降趋势，因此，应注重不同因素对乳尿素氮的影响，合理调整饲养管理方式，加强对其选择的重视程度。本研究结果为提高两个品种牛的生产性能提供了理论依据。

关键词: 新疆褐牛; 中国西门塔尔牛; 乳尿素氮; 遗传参数

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed to comprehensively evaluate the health and nutritional status of Xinjiang Brown cattle and Chinese Simmental cattle,and optimize the feeding management strategy,so as to achieve the purpose of improving their overall production performance.【Method】 The data of DHI of 702 Xinjiang Brown cattle (1 085 records) and 4 079 Chinese Simmental cattle (6 352 records) from four cattle farms in Xinjiang from 2016 to 2023 were collected.The effects of farm,calving year,calving season and parity on milk urea nitrogen were analyzed using SAS 9.2 software.The genetic parameters of urea nitrogen in milk of Xinjiang Brown cattle and Chinese Simmental cattle were estimated using a single trait repeatability model by DMU software.【Result】 The farm and calving year had extremely significant effects on milk urea nitrogen in Xinjiang Brown cattle and Chinese Simmental cattle (P＜0.01).The calving season had an extremely significant effect on milk urea nitrogen in Chinese Simmental cattle (P＜0.01).The parity had significant or extremely significant effect on milk urea nitrogen in Xinjiang Brown cattle and Chinese Simmental cattle (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).The heritability of milk urea nitrogen in Xinjiang Brown cattle and Chinese Simmental cattle were 0.10±0.05 and 0.15±0.03,respectively,both of which belonged to low heritability.The average estimated breeding value of milk urea nitrogen increased with the increase of calving year.【Conclusion】 The milk urea nitrogen of the two breeds of cattle was a low heritability trait.In recent years,the genetic trends of milk urea nitrogen in Chinese Simmental cattle had increased,while had shown a decreasing trend in Xinjiang Brown cattle.Therefore,attention should be paid to the influence of different factors on milk urea nitrogen,and the feeding and management methods should be adjusted reasonably to strengthen the importance of its selection.The results provided a theoretical basis for improving the production performance of the two breeds of cattle.

Key words: Xinjiang Brown cattle; Chinese Simmental cattle; milk urea nitrogen; genetic parameters

中图分类号:

S823.2

马凯伦, 李雪, 张晓雪, 张涛, 张梦华, 王丹, 胥磊, 黄锡霞. 新疆褐牛与中国西门塔尔牛乳尿素氮的遗传参数估计[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(3): 1202-1210.

MA Kailun, LI Xue, ZHANG Xiaoxue, ZHANG Tao, ZHANG Menghua, WANG Dan, XU Lei, HUANG Xixia. Estimation of Genetic Parameters of Milk Urea Nitrogen in Xinjiang Brown Cattle and Chinese Simmental Cattle[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(3): 1202-1210.

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