利用微卫星标记分析山西3个地方牛群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2025.01.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究晋南牛、平陆山地牛和"太行云牛"3个群体的遗传多样性、遗传结构和遗传分化情况,为山西地方牛品种保护提供数据支持。【方法】采用12个微卫星标记对3个群体共230个个体进行PCR扩增、测序和分型,并对各群体的等位基因数、遗传杂合度、多态信息含量以及群体间的遗传距离等参数进行评估。【结果】 12个微卫星标记中等位基因数为2~15个。3个群体的有效等位基因数、观测杂合度、期望杂合度、多态信息含量的平均值分别为3.205~4.611、0.680~0.735、0.646~0.750和0.601~0.716。Hardy-Weinberg平衡(HWE)检测结果显示,除晋南牛在HAUT27座位上显著偏离HWE外(P＜0.05),其余标记均未偏离HWE(P＞0.05)。F统计量结果显示,群体内近交系数(F_IS)为―0.012,群体平均近交系数(F_IT)为0.043,群体分化系数(F_ST)为0.054。UPGMA系统发育树结果表明,平陆山地牛和晋南牛聚为一支,"太行云牛"则单独为一支。主坐标分析(PCoA)结果显示,晋南牛和平陆山地牛两个群体间存在较近的亲缘关系,且不同群体间存在一定的遗传交流。STRUCTURE结果进一步发现,3个群体间存在一定的群体混杂现象。【结论】山西3个地方牛群体内遗传多样性水平较高,各种群的系统发育关系相对独立,且晋南牛与平陆山地牛之间存在较多的基因交流。本研究结果有助于深入理解山西地方牛群体的遗传结构,并对品种保护方案的制订提供了重要的数据基础。

关键词: 地方牛群体; 微卫星; 遗传多样性; 遗传分化; 遗传结构

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was aimed to investigate the genetic diversity,population genetic structure and genetic differentiations of Jinnan cattle,Pinglu Mountain cattle and "Taihang Yun cattle",so as to provide data bases for the protection of local cattle in Shanxi province. 【Method】 12 microsatellite (SSR) markers were selected to perform PCR amplification,sequencing and genotyping in the 3 populations(including 230 individuals).At the same time,the allele numbers,genetic heterozygosity,polymorphic information content (PIC) and genetic distance between populations were detected and calculated. 【Result】 The allele numbers of 12 SSR markers were 2 to 15.Besides,the average of effective number of alleles (Ne),observation of heterozygosity (Ho),expected heterozygosity (He) and polymorphism information content (PIC) of 3 populations were from 3.025 to 4.611,0.680 to 0.735,0.646 to 0.750 and 0.601 to 0.716,respectively.Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) results showed that except for HAUT27 was deviated from HWE (P＜0.05) in Jinnan population,the other SSR markers were all in HWE (P＞0.05).F statistics analysis showed that the within population inbreeding coefficient (F_IS),population average inbreeding coefficient (F_IT) and population differentiation coefficient (F_ST) were ―0.012, 0.043 and 0.054,respectively.The UPGMA phylogenetic tree indicated that Jinnan cattle and Pinglu Mountain cattle were clustered firstly,then clustered with "Taihang Yun cattle".The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) results showed that there was closer relationship between Jinnan cattle and Pinglu Mountain cattle,with genetic exchanges existing between the two populations.The STRUCUTRE analysis results found that there were population admixture among 3 populations. 【Conclusion】 The genetic polymorphisms of 3 local cattle populations in Shanxi province were higher,and they all had relatively independent phylogenetic relationships.There was more genetic exchanges between Jinnan cattle and Pinglu Mountain cattle.The results contributed to a deeper understanding of the genetic structure of 3 local cattle breeds in Shanxi province,and provided data basis for the formulation of variety protection plans.

Key words: local cattle populations; microsatellite; genetic diversity; genetic differentiation; genetic structure

中图分类号:

S813.3

李超杰, 蒙萌, 李博, 靳光, 王坤, 车雷杰, 乔晓春, 张元庆, 牛晓艳. 利用微卫星标记分析山西3个地方牛群体的遗传多样性和遗传分化[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2025, 52(1): 226-237.

LI Chaojie, MENG Meng, LI Bo, JIN Guang, WANG Kun, CHE Leijie, QIAO Xiaochun, ZHANG Yuanqing, NIU Xiaoyan. Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Genetic Differentiations in 3 Local Cattle Populations of Shanxi Province Using Microsatellite Markers[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2025, 52(1): 226-237.

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