畜禽骨骼肌肌纤维特性及其发育机制研究进展

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2021.09.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 骨骼肌是生物机体的重要组成部分，约占产肉动物机体的40%，与畜禽的运动、发育及产肉能力等重要性状密切相关。骨骼肌是由平行排列的肌原纤维组成的多核肌纤维，肌纤维的数量、类型以及转变方式直接反映了个体肌肉发育情况以及机体的生理状况，因而在选育工作中作为重要的经济性状而被关注。对肌纤维的深入研究将有助于加快今后的选育进程，促进对近年频发的畜禽肌源性疾病的溯源与研究，从而缓解肌源性疾病对畜禽养殖业造成的经济损失，满足消费者对优质肉产品的需求。近年来，对肌纤维的认识与研究均取得重大进展，包括依照肌纤维的结构与功能特性对骨骼肌的生物学功能进行预测与验证、肌纤维的类型与肉品质的关联分析以及模式动物的应用，挖掘出肌纤维发生发育以及再生修复过程中的重要调控分子，并对它们的功能进行注释。作者参照现有研究成果对肌纤维的结构与功能进行系统的描述，并从分子层面对肌纤维胚胎期的发生发育以及出生后的再生修复进行综述，以期为今后提高肉用动物的产肉性能及培育高品质产肉动物新品种或新品系的选育工作提供理论参考。

关键词: 骨骼肌; 肌纤维; 肌纤维结构; 肌纤维发育

Abstract: Skeletal muscle is an important part of biological body, accounting for about 40% of the body of meat producing animals. It is closely related to sports, development, meat production performance and other important economic traits of livestock and poultry. Multinucleated muscle fiber is the basic unit of skeletal muscle which is composed with parallel myofibrils, and the numbers, types and the transform of muscle fiber reflect the individual muscle development and physiological conditions directly which lead it to act an important economy trait being concerned in breeding. The study to muscle fibers in-depth will contribute in breeding process and helpful for exploring and handles of the causes of myopathies that frequently appear in recent years, some extent, to alleviate the economic losses caused by myopathies to livestock and poultry industry, and meet the demand of consumers for high-quality meat products. In recent years, the understanding of muscle fiber and the research has achieved great progress, including in accordance with the structure and function of the muscle fiber characteristics to predict and verify the biological functions of the skeletal muscle and the relationships between muscle fiber types with meat quality, on the other hand, the important regulation molecules of muscle fibers during occurred and regeneration repair were digged out and defined their functions with the development of technology and the application of animal models. In this paper, the structure and function of muscle fiber were systematically described according to the existing researches and the occurrence and development of muscle fiber during embryonic period as well as the regeneration and repair after birth were sorted out from the molecular level, so as to provide theoretical reference for improving meat production performance of meat animals and breeding new varieties or strains of high-quality meat producing animals in the future.

Key words: skeletal muscle; muscle fibers; muscle fiber structure; muscle fiber development

中图分类号:

S813.24

施红梅, 何洋, 杜彦丽, 刘永, 豆腾飞, 王坤, 贾俊静, 葛长荣. 畜禽骨骼肌肌纤维特性及其发育机制研究进展[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2021, 48(9): 3191-3199.

SHI Hongmei, HE Yang, DU Yanli, LIU Yong, DOU Tengfei, WANG Kun, JIA Junjing, GE Changrong. An Overview of Skeletal Muscle Fiber Characteristics and Developmental Mechanism of Livestock and Poultry[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2021, 48(9): 3191-3199.

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