凹土纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪脾脏抗氧化及免疫功能的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.11.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验旨在探索凹土纳米氧化锌（attapulgite nano zinc oxide，ANZ）对于断奶仔猪脾脏抗氧化以及免疫功能的影响。选取体重相近的21日龄杜长大断奶仔猪210头，随机分成7组，每组6个重复，每个重复5头仔猪。分别饲喂基础日粮（CON组）、基础日粮+抗生素（ANT组）、基础日粮+3 000 mg/kg氧化锌（ZO组）、基础日粮+800 mg/kg纳米氧化锌（NZO组）和基础日粮+700、1 000、1 300 mg/kg凹土纳米氧化锌（LANZ、MANZ和HANZ组）。结果表明：与CON组相比，ZO、MANZ和HANZ组的脾脏指数显著提高（P<0.05）。与CON和ANT组相比，NZO、LANZ、MANZ和HANZ组的脾脏细胞面积显著增大（P<0.05）。与其他各组相比，MANZ组的脾脏细胞粒径显著增大（P<0.05）。与CON、ANT、NZO和HANZ组相比，MANZ组脾脏中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性显著提高（P<0.05）。与NZO和ZO组相比，LANZ、MANZ和HANZ组的过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性均显著提高（P<0.05）。与ZO组相比，NZO、LANZ、MANZ和HANZ组的丙二醛（MDA）含量显著降低（P<0.05）。与CON组相比，ANT、MANZ和HANZ组的干扰素-γ（INF-γ）含量显著下降（P<0.05）。与CON、ANT、ZO和NZO组相比，MANZ和HANZ组的肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）含量显著降低（P<0.05）。与ANT组相比，MANZ组的白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）含量显著降低（P<0.05）。与ANZ、ZO和NZO组相比，MANZ和HANZ组的IL-10含量显著增加（P<0.05）。与CON、ANT和ZO组相比，LANZ和MANZ组的IL-12的含量显著降低（P<0.05）。综上，凹土纳米氧化锌可以提高断奶仔猪脾脏的器官指数及细胞粒径、提高抗氧化功能酶的活性、减少促炎因子含量、增加抗炎因子含量，进而增强断奶仔猪的免疫以及抗氧化功能。在本试验条件下，当凹土纳米氧化锌添加量为1 000 mg/kg时效果最佳。

关键词: 凹土纳米氧化锌; 断奶仔猪; 脾脏指数; 细胞大小; 抗氧化; 免疫

Abstract: The experiment was conducted to explore the effects of attapulgite nano zinc oxide (ANZ) on antioxidant and immune functions in spleen of weaned piglets.210 weaned piglets of similar weight were randomly divided into 7 groups with 6 replicates in each group and 5 piglets per repeat.The treatments were control group (CON group,basal diet),antibiotic group (ANT group,basal diet+antibiotic),zinc oxide group (ZO group,basal diet+3 000 mg/kg zinc oxide),nano-zinc oxide group (NZO group,basal diet+800 mg/kg nano-zinc oxide),low,middle and high dose attapulgite nano zinc oxide groups (LANZ group,basal diet+700 mg/kg attapulgite nano zinc oxide;MANZ group,basal diet+1 000 mg/kg attapulgite nano zinc oxide;HANZ group,basal diet+1 300 mg/kg attapulgite nano zinc oxide).The results showed that:Compared with CON group,spleen index in ZO,MANZ and HANZ groups increased significantly (P<0.05).Compared with CON and ANT groups,the area of spleen cells in NZO,LANZ,MANZ and HANZ groups increased significantly (P<0.05).Compared with other treatment groups,the size of spleen cells in MANZ group increased significantly (P<0.05).Compared with CON,ANT,NZO and HANZ groups,superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in MANZ group increased significantly (P<0.05).Compared with ZO and NZO groups,catalase (CAT) activity in LANZ,MANZ and HANZ groups increased significantly (P<0.05).Compared with ZO group,the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in NZO,LANZ,MANZ and HANZ groups decreased significantly (P<0.05).Compared with CON group,the content of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in ANT,MANZ and HANZ groups decreased significantly (P<0.05).Compared with CON,ANT,ZO and NZO groups,the content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in MANZ and HANZ groups decreased significantly (P<0.05).Compared with ANT group,the content of interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) in MANZ group decreased significantly (P<0.05).Compared with ANZ、ZO and NZO groups,the content of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in MANZ and HANZ groups increased significantly (P<0.05).Compared with CON,ANT and ZO groups,the content of interleukin-12 (IL-12) in LANZ and MANZ groups increased significantly (P<0.05).In conclusion,attapulgite nano zinc oxide could increase organ index and cell size of spleen,improved the antioxidant enzymes activity in spleen,decreased the content of proinflammatory factors,increased the content of anti-inflammatory factors,and enhanced the antioxidant and immune functions of weaned piglets.The optimum addition level of attapulgite nano zinc oxide was 1 000 mg/kg in this experiment.

Key words: attapulgite nano zinc oxide; weaned piglets; spleen index; cell size; antioxidant; immunity

中图分类号:

S816.7

李洪民, 董丽, 胡真真, 毛俊舟, 张永胜, 刘军, 喻礼怀. 凹土纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪脾脏抗氧化及免疫功能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(11): 3484-3492.

LI Hongmin, DONG Li, HU Zhenzhen, MAO Junzhou, ZHANG Yongsheng, LIU Jun, YU Lihuai. Effects of Attapulgite Nano Zinc Oxide on Antioxidant Function and Immune Function in Spleen of Weaned Pigs[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(11): 3484-3492.

参考文献

[1] HU C,SONG J,YOU Z,et al.Zinc oxide-montmorillonite hybrid influences diarrhea,intestinal mucosal integrity,and digestive enzyme activity in weaned pigs[J].Biological Trace Element Research,2012,149(2):190-196.
[2] 贾聪慧,杨彩梅,曾新福,等.丁酸梭菌对肉鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力、免疫功能和血清生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2016,28(3):908-915. JIA C H,YANG C M,ZENG X F,et al.Effects of Clostridium butyricum on growth performance,antioxidant capacity,immune function and serum biochemical parameters of broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 2016,28(3):908-915.(in Chinese)
[3] HOFER U.Microbiome:Effects of in-feed antibiotics on pig microbiota[J].Nature Reviews Microbiology,2014,12(4):234.
[4] BARTON M D.Antibiotic use in animal feed and its impact on human health[J].Nutrition Research Reviews,2000,13(2):279-299.
[5] SAHOO A,SWAIN R K,MISHRA S K.Effect of inorganic,organic and nano zinc supplemented diets on bioavailability and immunity status of broilers[J].International Rournal of Advanced Research,2014,2(11):828-837.
[6] 田丽娜,朱风华,任慧英,等.纳米氧化锌对肉仔鸡抗氧化性能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2009,21(4):534-539. TIAN L N,ZHU F H,REN H Y,et al.Effect of nano-zinc oxide on antioxidant function in broilers[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2009,21(4):534-539.(in Chinese)
[7] 方洛云,邹晓庭,蒋林树,等.不同锌源对断奶仔猪免疫和抗氧化作用的影响[J].中国兽医学报,2005,2:201-203. FANG L Y,ZHOU X T,JIANG L S,et al.Effect of different zinc source on immune and antioxidation in weanling swine[J].Chinese Journal of Veterinary,2005,2:201-203.(in Chinese)
[8] SWAIN P S,RAO S B N,RAJENDRAN D,et al.Nano zinc,an alternative to conventional zinc as animal feed supplement:A review[J].Animal Nutrition,2016,2(3):134-141.
[9] WANG B,FENG W,WANG M,et al.Acute toxicological impact of nano-and submicro-scaled zinc oxide powder on healthy adult mice[J].Journal of Nanoparticle Research,2008,10(2):263-276.
[10] CHEN H,WANG A.Kinetic and isothermal studies of lead ion adsorption onto palygorskite clay[J].Journal of Colloid and Interface Science,2007,307(2):309-316.
[11] WANG W,TIAN G,ZHANG Z,et al.A simple hydrothermal approach to modify palygorskite for high-efficient adsorption of methylene blue and Cu (Ⅱ) ions[J].Chemical Engineering Journal,2015,265:228-238.
[12] ZHOU S,XUE A,ZHANG Y,et al.Novel polyamidoamine dendrimer-functionalized palygorskite adsorbents with high adsorption capacity for Pb2+ and reactive dyes[J].Applied Clay Science,2015,107:220-229.
[13] EU COMMISSION.Commission regulation (EU) 575/2011 of 16 June 2011 on the catalogue of feed materials[J].Official Journal of The European Union,2011,159:25-65.
[14] MASIMANGO N,REMACLE J,RAMAUT J L.The role of adsorption in the elim in ation of aflatox in B1 from contaminated media[J].European Journal of Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1979,339(1):149-162.
[15] 朱振海,郑茂松,孙新友,等.凹凸棒石粘土净化含强致癌物质黄曲霉毒素(B₁)油脂工艺技术研究[J].非金属矿,1998,6:15-17. ZHU Z H,ZHENG M S,SUN X Y,et al.Study on technology of purifying fats and oils containing strong carcinogen aflatoxin (B₁) by attapulgite clay[J].Non-Metallic Mines,1998,6:15-17.(in Chinese)
[16] TANG C H,WANG X Q,ZHANG J M.Effects of supplemental palygorskite instead of zinc oxide on growth performance,apparent nutrient digestibility and fecal zinc excretion in weaned piglets[J].Animal Science Journal,2014,85(4):435-439.
[17] LV Y,TANG C,WANG X,et al.Effects of dietary supplementation with palygorskite on nutrient utilization in weaned piglets[J].Livestock Science,2015,174(8):82-86.
[18] 毛俊舟,董丽,王淑楠,等.凹土纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长性能、器官指数及血液生化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(4):1471-1480. MAO J Z,DONG L,WANG S N,et al.Effects of attapulgite nano zinc oxide on growth performance,organ indices and blood biochemical indices of weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2018,30(4):1471-1480.(in Chinese)
[19] 毛俊舟.凹凸棒土负载纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪生长性能及肠道屏障功能的影响[D].扬州:扬州大学,2018. MAO J Z.Effects attapulgite clay adsorbed Nano-ZnO supplementation on growth performance and intestinal barrier function of weaned pigs[D].Yangzhou:Yangzhou University,2018.(in Chinese)
[20] 辛向荣.Ala-Gln对断奶仔猪氧化应激的调节作用及其机制初步研究[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2014. XIN X R.Regulative effects of Ala-Gln for weaned pigs challenged with oxidative stress and preliminary study on the mechanisms[M].Nanchang:Jiangxi Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
[21] 徐建雄.不同断奶日龄仔猪的氧化应激损伤及其机理研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2014. XU J X.Effects of weanling age on oxidative-stress in weaned piglets[D].Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2014.(in Chinese)
[22] 毛俊舟,董丽,彭程,等.凹土纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪血清、肝脏和肠道黏膜抗氧化指标的影响[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(4):1789-1796. MAO J Z,DONG L,PENG C,et al.Effects of attapulgite nano zinc oxide on antioxidant indexes in serum,liver and intestinal mucosa of weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(4):1789-1796.(in Chinese)
[23] 黄强,徐稳,王恬,等.日粮补充亮氨酸对超早期断奶宫内发育迟缓仔猪内源消化酶活性及胰腺抗氧化能力的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2017,40(1):123-129. HUANG Q,XU W,WANG T,et al.Effects of dietary leucine supplementation on activities of endogenous digestive enzymes and pancreas antioxidant capacity in intrauterine growth retardation early weaning pigs[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2017,40(1):123-129.(in Chinese)
[24] 肖发沂,王兴勇,吕月琴,等.抗菌肽对断奶仔猪生长性能、免疫器官指数及胃肠道pH的影响[J].中国畜牧杂志,2019,55(1):124-126. XIAO F Y,WANG X Y,LYU Y Q,et al.The effect of antimicrobial peptides on the growth of performance,the immune organ index and the pH of the gastrointestinal tract[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Science,2019,55(1):124-126.(in Chinese)
[25] 吴诚.不同剂量纳米氧化锌对肉鸡免疫功能和金属硫蛋白的影响研究[D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2008. WU C.Studies different dose of nano-ZnO on effect of immune function and MT in chicken[D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2008.(in Chinese)
[26] 钟友宝.脂多糖诱导断奶仔猪应激模型脾脏组织结构与相关分子表达变化研究[D].南昌:江西农业大学,2017. ZHONG Y B.Study on the histology structure of spleen and the changes of related molecular expression in weaned piglets stress model induced by Lipopolysaccharide[D].Nanchang:Jiangxi Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese)
[27] 杨晶晶,李源,李留安,等.不同断奶日龄对仔猪脾脏生长相关基因表达的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2016,43(2):383-388. YANG J J,LI Y,LI L A,et al.Effect of different weaning age on related-growth gene expressions of spleen in piglets[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2016,43(2):383-388.(in Chinese)
[28] 冯梦.纳米氧化锌对小鼠十二指肠和空肠上皮细胞生长和抗氧化功能的影响[D].成都:四川农业大学,2009. FENG M.Effects of Nano-Zinc oxide on the growth and anti-oxidation capacity of mice duodenum-epithelial cells and jejunum-epithelial cells in primary culture[D].Chengdu:Sichuan Agricultural University,2009.(in Chinese)
[29] 李治学.新型氧化锌对断奶仔猪生产性能与肠道功能的影响及其作用机制研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2015. LI Z X.Effects of alternative ZnO on growth perfor-mance intestinal function and its mechanism in weaning piglets[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2015.(in Chinese)
[30] 徐海旺,余魁,吴梦郡,等.复合植物精油对脂多糖诱导的断奶仔猪免疫应激的影响[J].中国畜牧兽医,2018,45(8):2197-2203. XU H W,XU K,WU M J,et al.The effect of compound plant essential oil on lps-induced immune-stressed weaned pigs[J].China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine,2018,45(8):2197-2203.(in Chinese)
[31] 李留安,王凤云,杨晶晶,等.断奶日龄对仔猪脾脏,胸腺和胰腺抗氧化功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(1):74-80. LI L A,WANG F Y,YANG J J,et al.Effects of weaning age on antioxidant capacity of spleen,thymus and pancreas in piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2014,26(1):74-80.(in Chinese)
[32] 汪洋,李先根,刘玉兰,等.脂多糖刺激对断奶仔猪脾脏炎症信号通路关键基因表达的影响[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(8):3882-3890. WANG Y,LI X G,LIU Y L,et al.Effects of lipopolysaccharide challenge on key genes expression of inflammatory signaling pathway in spleen of weaned piglets[J].Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition,2019,31(8):3882-3890.(in Chinese)
[33] 李荣芳,吴诚,邬静,等.纳米氧化锌对AA肉鸡免疫调节作用的影响[J].中国饲料,2008,16:20-22. LI R F,WU C,WU J,et al.Effect of nanometer Zinc oxide on immune regulation of AA broiler chickens[J].China Feed,2008,16:20-22.(in Chinese)
[34] 韩萌.纳米氧化锌对断奶仔猪肠道菌群平衡及黏膜免疫的影响[D].北京:中国农业大学,2017. HAN M.Effects of ZnO nanoparticles on the intestinal microbiota and mucosal immunity of weaned piglets[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2017.(in Chinese)