耐镉乳酸菌对蛋鸡组织和鸡蛋中镉残留及部分矿物元素沉积的影响

doi:10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2020.01.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 试验旨在探明耐镉乳酸菌对蛋鸡的脏器系数、镉在蛋鸡组织及鸡蛋中的残留及钙、铁、锌、锰、铜和硒在组织和鸡蛋中沉积的影响。试验分为5组：对照组，饲喂基础日粮；镉组，基础日粮+5 mg/kg镉（以氯化镉的形式添加）；乳酸菌组，基础日粮+1×10¹⁰ CFU/kg耐镉乳酸菌；镉+低剂量乳酸菌组，基础日粮+5 mg/kg镉+1×10¹⁰ CFU/kg耐镉乳酸菌；镉+高剂量乳酸菌组，基础日粮+5 mg/kg镉+1×10¹¹ CFU/kg耐镉乳酸菌，试验期6周。试验期末，采集各组蛋鸡血液，测定总抗氧化力（T-AOC）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力；采集各组蛋鸡内脏组织和鸡蛋，计算脏器系数，同时测定组织和鸡蛋中镉、钙、铁、铜、锌、锰及硒元素含量。结果显示，与对照组相比，镉及乳酸菌组显著提高了蛋鸡总抗氧化能力（P<0.05）。各处理组中，镉组脾脏指数最低，镉加乳酸菌组脾脏指数显著高于镉组（P<0.05）；与对照组相比，乳酸菌组显著提高心脏指数（P<0.05）。镉组致蛋鸡肝脏和肾脏中镉残留量远高于其他组织，补加耐镉乳酸菌显著减少了心脏的镉残留量（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，镉组显著降低肾脏钙、脾脏和卵黄的锰含量（P<0.05）；与对照组相比，镉加低剂量耐镉乳酸菌显著增加肾脏锰含量、卵黄铁含量及肾脏和脾脏铜含量（P<0.05）；镉在鸡蛋中的残留量较低，与对照组相比，镉组显著降低鸡蛋铁、锰元素含量（P<0.05），补加耐镉乳酸菌显著增加铁、锌、锰和硒元素含量（P<0.05）。结果表明，在蛋鸡日粮中添加1×10¹⁰ CFU/kg的耐镉乳酸菌，可显著提高蛋鸡血清总抗氧化力水平和蛋鸡的心脏指数，显著改善镉暴露导致的脾脏萎缩和心脏镉的残留量；同时显著增加锰、铜、铁在肾脏、脾脏及卵黄中的含量及铁、锌、锰和硒在鸡蛋中的含量。

关键词: 耐镉乳酸菌; 蛋鸡; 脏器系数; 镉

Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to find out the effects of cadmium-tolerant Lactobacillus on organ coefficient,Cd residue and the contents of Ca,Fe,Zn,Mn,Cu and Se in tissues and eggs of laying hens.The experiment was divided into 5 groups:Control group,fed basic diet;Cd group,basic diet+5 mg/kg Cd (added in the form of cadmium chloride);Lactobacillus group,basic diet+1×10¹⁰ CFU/kg cadmium-tolerant Lactobacillus;Cd+low dose Lactobacillus group,basic diet+5 mg/kg Cd+1×10¹⁰ CFU/kg cadmium-tolerant Lactobacillus;Cd+high dose Lactobacillus group,basic diet+5 mg/kg Cd+1×10¹¹ CFU/kg cadmium-tolerant Lactobacillus.The test lasted for 6 weeks.At the end of the experiment,the blood of laying hens in each group were collected to measure the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity;The visceral tissues and eggs of laying hens in each group were collected to calculate the organ coefficient,and the contents of Cd,Ca,Fe,Cu,Zn,Mn and Se in the tissues and eggs were measured.The results showed that compared with control group,Cd and cadmium-tolerant Lactobacillus groups significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity (P<0.05).Cd reduced spleen index to the lowest,which was significantly lower than spleen index of Cd with low dose or high dose cadmium-tolerant Lactobacillus (P<0.05),and compared with control group,cadmium-tolerant Lactobacillus significantly increased heart index (P<0.05).Cd residue in liver and kidney of laying hens was much higher than that in other tissues.Adding cadmium-tolerant Lactobacillus significantly reduced Cd residue in heart (P<0.05).Compared with control group,Cd significantly reduced the content of Ca in kidney,and Mn in spleen and yolk (P<0.05).Low dose cadmium-tolerant Lactobacillus significantly increased the Mn content in renal,Fe content in yolk and Cu content in kidney and spleen (P<0.05) compared with control group.The contents of Fe,Zn,Mn and Se in eggs were significantly increased by adding cadmium-tolerant Lactobacillus (P<0.05).The results indicated that adding 1×10¹⁰ CFU/kg of cadmium-tolerant Lactobacillus to the diets of laying hens could significantly improve the total antioxidant capacity of serum and the heart index of laying hens,significantly ameliorate Cd-induced spleen atrophy and reduce the Cd residue in the hearts of laying hens after Cd exposure,significantly increased the contents of Mn,Fe and Cu in kidney,spleen and yolk respectively,and significantly increased the contents of Fe,Zn,Mn and Se in eggs.

Key words: cadmium-tolerant Lactobacillus; laying hens; tissue indexes; Cd

中图分类号:

S831.5

蒲俊华, 陈大伟, 陆俊贤, 张小燕, 唐梦君, 孔令武, 周倩, 刘茵茵, 高玉时. 耐镉乳酸菌对蛋鸡组织和鸡蛋中镉残留及部分矿物元素沉积的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2020, 47(1): 53-62.

PU Junhua, CHEN Dawei, LU Junxian, ZHANG Xiaoyan, TANG Mengjun, KONG Lingwu, ZHOU Qian, LIU Yinyin, GAO Yushi. Effects of Cadmium-tolerant Lactobacillus on Cd Residue and Some Mineral Elements Accumulation in Hens' Tissues and Eggs[J]. China Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, 2020, 47(1): 53-62.

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